Efekti specifičnog trenažnog programa na kinematičke parametre šuta i snagu rukometašica

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of a specific training program on the kinematic parameters of the shot in handball (bounced shot at seven meters from the goal line, bounced shot with a running start at eight meters from the goal line, jump shot with a running start at nine meters from the goal line) and the strength of female handball players. The sample of numbered 30 female handball players competing in the premiere handball league of the Republic of Serbia. The participants were members of the Jagodina female handball club from Jagodina (n=15) and members of the female handball club Naissa from Nis (n=15). The participants, aged 18 to 26, were divided into an experimental (EG, n=15) and control subsample (CG, n=15) and had had at least five years of training experience beforehand. The research was of a longitudinal character. The EG followed a regular training program prescribed by the head coach of the club, but three times a week after their regular training also part in a specific training program to increase the speed of the shot, improve the kinematic parameters of the shot, as well as increase the strength of the handball players over a period of eight weeks (three times a week for 30 min). The CG took part in a regular training plan and program. To evaluate the kinematic parameters of all three types of shots, the following variables were analyzed: the angle of flexion in the knee of the swing leg (UGFZKз), the angle of flexion in the knee of the takeoff leg (UGFZKо), the angle of flexion in the hip of the swing leg (UGFZKз1), the angle of flexion of the hip joint of the takeoff leg (UGFZKо1), the angle of rotation of the shoulder joint (UGURZR), the angle of flexion of the elbow joint (UGFZL), the angle of the upper part of the body in relation to the surface on which the participant performs the shot (UGGDTP), maximal height (hmax) of the point following the axis of the hip joint in the sagittal plane during the performance of the shot (the side of the arm performing the shot) (MVZK), maximal height (hmax) of the point following the axis of the shoulder joint at the point of release (MVZR), maximal height (hmax) of the point following the axis of the elbow joint (MVZL), maximal height (hmax) of the point following the axis of the wrist (MVZS), maximal height of the ball following release (MVL), maximal flight velocity of the ball (km/h) from the moment of release in all three types of shots (MBL7 m, MBL8 m and MBL9 m). To evaluate strength, the following tests were used: the squat jump (SJ), the countermovement jump (CMJ), push-ups in eccentric-concentric conditions (SEK), hand grip strength (JSS), sit ups test (SUT), and the test used to evaluate the static strength of the abdominal musculature (SSТМ). The data analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, v19.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). To prove the lack of existence of any statistically significant difference in the variables between the experimental and control group at the initial measuring, an independent samples t-test was used. To determine the effects of specific training, an analysis of covariance was used (ANCOVA), as was effect size (ES). The results of the covariance analysis have indicated a statistically significant increase for certain variables, while based on the Effect size according to Hopkins, the effect (small to large) was determined for most of the kinematic variables (68%), and all the variables for the tests of strength (100%). Based on these results we can conclude that the specific training program presented in this dissertation had positive effects on the improvement of kinematic parameters of the shot and strength of female handball players