The impact of aronia juice on biomarkers of oxidative status and fatty acid profile in healthy subjects with or without risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

Kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) predstavljaju najznačajniji uzrok obolevanja i umiranja u svetu. Faktori rizika za nastanak KVB često su praćeni promenama u oksidativnom statusu. Oksidativni stres, definisan kao poremećaj ravnoteže između stvaranja reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika i njihovog uklanjanja antioksidansima, dovodi se u vezu sa patogenezom kardiovaskularnih i drugih hroničnih bolesti. Rezultati brojnih epidemioloških studija pokazali su povezanost ishrane bogate voćem, povrćem i integralnim žitaricama sa smanjenjem rizika za nastanak KVB. Povoljno delovanje namirnica biljnog porekla u prevenciji KVB pripisuje se delom nutritivnim sastojcima, ali pre svega nenutritivnim, biološki aktivnim sastojcima, fitohemikalijama. Zahvaljujući visokoj zastupljenosti u biljkama i visokom antioksidativnom kpacitetu, polifenoli se smatraju najznačajnijim dijetarnim antioksidansima. Plod aronije (Aronia melanocarpa) i proizvodi dobijeni njegovom preradom predstavljaju jedan od najbogatijih izvora polifenola. Osnovni cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je ispitivanje uticaja konzumacije soka ploda aronije na markere oksidativnog statusa i profil masnih kiselina kod zdravih osoba sa ili bez prisutnih faktora rizika za nastanak KVB. Tri grupe ispitanika su uključene, i to zdravi ispitanici bez faktora rizika za KVB, ispitanici sa abdominalnom gojaznošću i ispitanici sa visokim-normalnim krvnim pritiskom, odnosno hipertenzijom stadijuma 1. Ispitanici sa abdominalnom gojaznošću konzumirali su sok ploda aronije obogaćen dijetarnim vlaknima iz grupe glukomanana. Redovna konzumacija soka ploda aronije ispoljila je značajan uticaj na pojedine pokazatelje oksidativnog statusa i antioksidativne zaštite u serumu zdravih ispitanika bez faktora rizika za nastanak KVB, kao i u serumu ispitanika sa abdominalnom gojaznošću. Što se tiče uticaja na enzimsku antioksidativnu zaštitu u eritrocitima, značajan porast aktivnosti glutation-peroksidaze zabeležen je kod sve tri grupe ispitanika. Dodatno, u slučaju zdravih ispitanika bez faktora rizika za KVB, povećana je i aktivnost superoksid-dismutaze dok je kod ispitanika sa visokim-normalnim pritiskom, odnosno hipertenzijom stadijuma 1, značajan porast aktivnosti zabeležen za sva tri praćena enzima (glutation-peroksidazu, superoksid-dismutazu i katalazu)...Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Risk factors for CVD development are often accompained with disturbance in oxidative status. Oxidative stress, defined as disbalance between reactive oxygen species production and their removal by antioxidants, is often related to pathogenesis of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown association between diet rich in fruits, vegetables and cereals and decreased risk of CVD development. Positive impact of plant foods in the prevention of CVD has been attributed partly to their nutritive compounds, but mostly to their biologically active compounds, phytochemicals. Polyphenols are considered to be the most important dietary antioxidants, due to their high abundance in plants and strong antioxidant activity. Aronia (Aronia melanorpa) fruits and their products are one of the richest sources of polyphenols. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aronia juice consumption on biomarkers of oxidative status and fatty acid profile in healthy subjects with or without risk factors for CVD. Three study groups were enrolled including healthy subjects without CVD risk factors, subjects with abdominal obesity and subjects with high-normal blood pressure or grade 1 hypertension. Subjects with abdominal obesity consumed aronia juice enriched with stable glucomannan dietary fibers. Regular aronia juice consumption showed significant impact on some serum biomarkers of oxidative status and antioxidant protection in healthy subjects without CVD risk facotrs and in subjects with abdominal obesity. Regarding the influence on antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes, aronia juice consumption led to the significant increase in glutathione-peroxidase activity in all three study groups. Additionally, in case of healthy subjects without CVD risk factors superoxide-dismutase activity was also increased, while in subjects with high-normal blood pressure or grade 1 hypertension, significant increase in activities of all three analysed enzymes (glutathione-peroxidase, superoxide-dismutase and catalase) was recorded..