Responsibility for fitting results of sports competitions from the aspects of bribery

Procesi modernizacije, globalizacije i konzumerizma bitno su promijenili odnos ljudi prema sportu i sportskim natjecanjima u suvremenom društvu. Sportska natjecanja postaju dramatičan izraz realnih kapitalističkih zbivanja i odnosa u kojima je, osim postizanja sportskih rezultata, glavni cilj maksimiziranje profita. Da bi se on ostvario, osobe u sustavu sporta, ali i subjekti povezani s klađenjem, nerijetko poduzimaju radnje s ciljem namještanja rezultata sportskih natjecanja. Riječ je ponajprije o koruptivnoj pojavi koja podliježe sankcioniranju i prema normama kaznenog prava. U ovom radu analizirat će se pozitivno pravno uređenje kaznene odgovornosti za podmićivanje zbog namještanja rezultata sportskih natjecanja. Razmotrit će se i pojavni oblici navedenih radnji te kritički preispitati mogućnost kažnjavanja sudionika tih protupravnih radnji samo s aspekta kaznene odgovornosti za počinjenje djela davanja mita i primanja mita. U kaznenoj praksi pokazalo se spornim podvođenje sudionika sportskih natjecanja pod pojam odgovorne osobe kako je on definiran u Kaznenom zakonu, te je li se koruptivne radnje poduzete s ciljem manipulacije rezultatima sportskih natjecanja mogu podvesti pod službenu radnju u kontekstu odgovornosti za počinjenje tzv. klasičnih oblika aktivnog i pasivnog podmićivanja. Polazeći od pozitivnopravnog uređenja u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu i pravnih shvaćanja tzv. uskočke prakse, pokušalo se istražiti u kojo j je mjeri moguć kazneni progon i kažnjavanje sudionika sportskih natjecanja za podmićivanje zbog namještanja rezultata. Zaključuje se o potrebi „de lege ferenda“ izmjene zakonskog uređenja i kritičkog preispitivanja pravnih stajališta koja su zauzeta u kaznenoj praksi.The processes of modernization, globalization and consumerism have significantly changed the attitude of people towards sports and sports competitions in modern society. Sports competitions are becoming a dramatic expression of real capitalist events and relationships in which, in addition to achieving sports results, the main goal is to maximize profits. In order to achieve this, persons in the sports system, as well as entities associated with betting, often take action with the aim of fixing the results of sports competitions. It is primarily a corruption phenomenon that is subject to sanctions according to the norms of criminal law. This paper will analyze the positive legal regulation of criminal liability for bribery for rigging the results of sports competitions. The manifestations of these actions will also be considered and the possibility of punishing the participants in these illegal actions will be critically re-examined only from the aspect of criminal liability for committing the act of giving and receiving bribes. In criminal practice, it has been controversial to include participants in sports competitions under the term responsible person as defined in the Criminal Code, and whether corrupt actions taken to manipulate the results of sports competitions can be classified as official actions in the context of liability for so-called classic forms of active and passive bribery. Starting from the positive legal system in Croatian legislation and legal understandings of the so-called. Uskok practice, an attempt was made to investigate the extent to which it is possible to prosecute and punish participants in sports competitions for bribery for rigging the results. It concludes that there is a need "de lege ferenda" to change the legal framework and critically review the legal positions taken in criminal practice