A Czech called Duh, the First Bishop of Zagreb

O prvom zagrebačkom biskupu, Čehu Duhu, u povijesnim izvorima postoje vrlo oskudni podaci. Ne zna se kada i gdje je rođen i umro i koliko dugo je u Zagrebu obnašao biskupsku službu, no povjesničari i filolozi ipak su pokušali rekonstruirati njegovo podrijetlo. Tako su stvorene hipoteze da je Duh bio češki benediktinac, iz glagoljaškog samostana u Sázavi ili latinskog samostana u Břevnovu kraj Praga, ili pak redovnik nekog glagoljaškog samostana na području panonske Hrvatske, rodom iz sela Čehi kraj Zagreba. Biskupu Duhu u zasluge se ubraja početak izgradnje zagrebačke katedrale, donošenje najstarijih do danas sačuvanih knjiga u Zagreb te nastanak glosa na hrvatskom jeziku u Radonovoj Bibliji. Iako je u povijesnom sjećanju dugo bio potisnut i imao drugorazrednu ulogu u odnosu na osnivača Zagrebačke biskupije kralja Ladislava, u posljednjih desetak godina biskup Duh kao osoba s kojom počinju hrvatsko-češki odnosi i nazočnost Čeha na području Hrvatske postaje sve poznatiji zahvaljujući češkoj manjini i Hrvatsko-češkom društvu. U Zagrebu je 2005. dobio stube sa svojim imenom, a 2014. spomenik u Dubravi kraj Vrbovca.On the first bishop of Zagreb, there are only meagre historical data. The charter of Archbishop Felician of 1134 mentions that he was called Duh, that he was Czech by origin and that he was capable man of honourable life. It is not known where Duh was born nor where and when he died, that is, until when he held the duty of the bishop of Zagreb. Historians and philologists tried go reconstruct what was his origin and constructed Povjesničari i filolozi su ipak pokušali rekonstruirati njegovo porijeklo pa su stvtheories that he was a Benedictine monk of the Czech Glagolytic monastery of Sázava or from the Latin monastery of Břevnovu near Prague, or that he was a monk of some Glagolytic monastery from the area of Northern Croatia, who was by origin from the village of Čehi near Zagreb. The reason why the king of Hungary brought exactly a Czech for the bishop of the newly established diocese in the conquered Croatian area was probably linguistic proximity with the congregation. According to the tradition, exactly Duh brought in Zagreb the oldest extant ecclesiastical books, and the glossa in the Radon’s Bible which may be the oldest monument of Croatian language are also attributed to him, as well as merits for beginning of the construction of the Zagreb cathedral. In his native homeland, Bohemia, Duh remained mostly unknown, but poet Jan Kollár mentioned him in his poem Slávy Dcera [The daughter of Sláva] of 1832, placing him in the Paradise among men important for the Christianisation of Slavonic peoples, and in an explanation, he called Duh “the Apostle of the Croats”. Members of the Czech minority consider Bishop Duh as their founder. In Zagreb, one public stairs were named upon Bishop Duh, and in 2014 a monument to him was erected in Dubrava near Vrbovec