EATING HABITS OF PEOPLE WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN OSIJEK, CROATIA

Uvod: Više od 2/3 pacijenata s kardiovaskularnim bolestima ima povećanu tjelesnu masu ili je pretilo. Kardiovaskularne bolesti su pak vodeći uzrok smrti u Hrvatskoj te uzrokuju 50% svih smrti od kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti. Hipertenzija je oko 6 puta češća u pretilih nego u ljudi s normalnom tjelesnom masom. Prema Nacionalnoj strategiji razvoja zdravstva 2012.-2020. smrtnost od kardiovaskularnih bolesti u Hrvatskoj gotovo je najviša u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji. Metode: Kod oboljelih od arterijske hipertenzije ispitivali smo prehrambene navike pomoću FFQ testa i standardiziranih upitnika o prehrani. Anketa je obuhvaćala 56 osoba (m = 32, ž = 24) u dobi od 33 do 87 godina. 57% ispitanika uz arterijsku hipertenziju boluje od neke druge kronične nezarazne bolesti (dijabetes, hiperlipidemija, gastritis..). Rezultati:Najviši indeks tjelesne mase iznosio je 46,1 (prosječni ITM = 29,5). 18,2% ispitanika puši, podjednako u oba spola. Češće od jednom tjedno orašare konzumira 9,4% ispitanika (70% ženskog spola). Suhomesnate proizvode češće od 3 x tjedno konzumira 46% ispitanika (27% žena i 69,2% muškaraca). S druge strane slatkiše gotovo svakodnevno konzumira 49,4% žena i 21,7% muškaraca. Škrobne namirnice svakodnevno uz ručak konzumira 91,9% ispitanika. Ispitanici prosječno dnevno konzumiraju 3,3 obroka. 63,8% ispitanika ne konzumira svakodnevno svježe voće, a 48,1% ne konzumira svakodnevno povrće u obliku salata. Zaključak: S obzirom na rastuću pandemiju pretilosti kao i oboljenja od nezaraznih kroničnih bolesti dobiveni rezultati su očekivani. Ljudi sve češće preskaču obroke, a sami obroci se u pravilu sastoje od rafiniranih ugljikohidrata i zasićenih masnoća. Vlaknaste namirnice, kao i namirnice bogate nezasićenim masnoćama i kvalitetnim bjelančevinama rijetko se konzumiraju što možemo povezati s povećanom pojavom pretilosti kao i povećanjem oboljelih od arterijske hipertenzije.Introduction: More than 2/3 of patients with cardiovascular diseases have increased body weight or suffer from obesity. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Croatia and cause 50% of all deaths from chronic non-communicable diseases. Hypertension is roughly 6 times more common in obese people than in people with normal body weight. According to the National Strategy for Health Care Development 2012-2020. The mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases in Croatia is almost at its highest in the “Osijek-Baranja” county when compared to other counties. Methods: In patients with arterial hypertension, we studied dietary habits using FFQ and standardized diet questionnaire. The survey included 56 people (m = 32, f = 24) between the ages of 33 and 87. 57% of subjects with arterial hypertension also suffer from other chronic non-communicable disease (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gastritis ...). Results: The highest body mass index was 46.1 (average BMI = 29.5). 18.2% of respondents smoke, equally in both sexes. 9.4% of respondents (70% female sex) consume nuts more than once a week. 46% of respondents (27% women and 69.2% of men) consume cured meat more than 3 times per week. On the other hand, 49.4% of women and 21.7% of men consume sweets almost daily. 91.9% of respondents is consuming starchy food daily during lunch. The average daily dieters consume 3.3 meals. 63.8% of respondents do not consume fresh fruit every day, and 48.1% do not consume daily vegetables in salad form. Conclusion: Given the growing obesity pandemic as well as non-chronic diseases, the obtained results were expected. Meals which usually consist of refined carbohydrates and saturated fat are often skipped. Fibrous foods as well as foods rich in unsaturated fats and high quality proteins are rarely consumed, which is associated with increased obesity and increased risk of arterial hypertension