SEMANTIC ADAPTATION IN THE DICTIONARY OF ANGLICISMS IN RUSSIAN: THEORY AND APPLICATION

A new conceptual and methodologically innovative contribution to the theory of languages in contact (Filipovic 1986) is the distinction between primary and secondary adaptation. By applying this distinction the original pattern of semantic adaptation has been expanded from three to five categories. Three categories belong to primary changes (1. zero semantic extension, 2. restriction of meaning in number, 3. restriction of meaning in a semantic field) and two belong to secondary changes (4. expansion of meaning in number, 5. expansion of meaning in a semantic field). The first three changes correspond to the transfer of meaning (from the giving language to the receiving language). The other two changes show that the replica - an anglicism, after it has been completely integrated, may be further adapted and can undergo two secondary changes (4. and 5.). Our analysis of the adaptation of anglicisms in Russian on the semantic level shows that due to the innovative element - primary and secondary changes - the transfer of meaning during the primary adaptation and the adaptation of meaning of anglicisms during the secondary changes can be much better and much more precisely defined and illustrated. Therefore this new system of adaptation can and must be applied in the Dictionary of anglicisms in Russian which is a part of the project "The English Element in European Languages"