Sex-differentiated Incidence of Autoimmune Diseases in Women and Association with Cardiovascular Risk

Autoimunosne bolesti imaju raznoliku kliničku sliku i mogu zahvatiti bilo koji organ ili organski sustav uzrokujući znatan kronični morbiditet i ovisnost o tuđoj pomoći. Žene imaju 2,7 puta veći rizik nego muškarci da obole od autoimunosne bolesti. Kardiovaskularni (KV) rizik bolesnica sa sustavnim lupusom i reumatoidnim artritisom upućuje na prijevremenu aterosklerozu. Pacijenti sa sustavnim lupusom imaju 5 – 8 puta veću učestalost koronarne bolesti srca nego opća populacija, što se povezuje s dislipidemijom, prisutnošću LDL fenotipa-B te istodobno prisutnom sustavnom upalom uz ostale tradicionalne KV rizike. Prerana ateroskleroza rezultat je tradicionalnih KV čimbenika, čimbenika specifičnih za autoimunosnu bolest i upalnih medijatora. S obzirom na to da su KV bolesti vodeći uzrok smrti, postavlja se pitanje o preventivnoj KV obradi. Ako se razvije bubrežno oštećenje s lupusnim nefritisom i kroničnom bubrežnom bolešću, KV rizik se multiplicira.Autoimmune diseases can cause significant and chronic morbidity and disability. Women are at a 2.7 times greater risk than men of acquiring autoimmune diseases. Cardiovascular risk in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis indicates early atherosclerosis. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have a 5-8 times higher incidence of coronary artery disease than the general population, which is associated with dyslipidemia, the presence of LDL-phenotype B, and simultaneously present systemic inflammation. Premature atherosclerosis in these patients is the result of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, factors specific to autoimmune disease, and inflammatory mediators. Since cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, this raises the question of preventive cardiology treatment. If kidney failure develops with lupus nephritis and chronic kidney disease, the cardiovascular risk multiplies