Socijalne usluge za migrante – slučaj Srbije

The paper focuses on current global migration trends and their reflections on Serbia’s social services. Serbia has been a transit country for migrants from the MENA region on their way to the European Union. Their stay has been shortterm and social services have been organised accordingly. Both the public and the civil sector at the national and local level have been strongly involved in providing support to ensure migrant welfare. The public sector has provided services regarding migrant registration, accommodation and transit, as well as social support to migrants generally, and particularly to victims of violence and underage children. On top of this, cash welfare benefits have been disbursed to eligible migrants. The civil sector has provided urgent and humanitarian aid, medical aid, legal support and advocacy, psychosocial support, child protection, educational support, and has strengthened the capacities of the public welfare system. Along with strengths and opportunities, social services in these sectors face certain micro-level challenges. These are identified within the current and expected deficiencies of migrant social services – there is a need for greater housing capacity, more professionals in the field, greater support with a view to integrating children into the educational system, and the like. Cooperation between the sectors is seen to present a challenge at the meso-level. However, it seems that cooperation between the civil and the public sector is quite good, while state support policy and financial measures could pave the way to even better cooperation. Finally, there is the macro-level challenge of the changed nature of the national welfare state and its decline. This is the framework within which social services need to operate.U radu se analiziraju globalni migracijski trendovi te kako se oni odražavaju na socijalne usluge u Srbiji. Ta je država već neko vrijeme tranzitno mjesto za migrante s Bliskog istoka i iz sjeverne Afrike (MENA) na putu za Europsku uniju. S obzirom na njihov kratkotrajni boravak u Srbiji, tako su organizirane i socijalne usluge. I javni i civilni sektor aktivno se uključio u pružanje podrške na državnoj i lokalnoj razini. Javni se sektor bavi registracijom, smještajem i premještajem migranata te pružanjem socijalne podrške, posebice žrtvama nasilja i maloljetnicima, a isplaćuje i novčanu socijalnu pomoć migrantima koji za to ispunjavaju uvjete. Civilni sektor pruža hitnu i humanitarnu pomoć, liječničku pomoć, pravnu podršku i zastupanje, psihosocijalnu podršku, usluge zaštite djece te edukacijsku podršku, jačajući time kapacitete sustava socijalne skrbi. Uz mnoge pozitivne značajke, socijalne usluge u ta dva sektora također se bore s izazovima na mikro razini. Ti su izazovi prepoznati u okviru sadašnjih i očekivanih nedostataka socijalnih usluga za migrante te se izdvaja potreba za većim smještajnim kapacitetima, većim brojem profesionalnog osoblja na terenu, većom podrškom kada je riječ o integraciji djece u obrazovni sustav i slično. Suradnja između dvaju sektora izazov je na mezo razini, iako je, općenito uzevši, suradnja razmjerno dobra. Ipak, nacionalna politika podrške i financijske mjere mogle bi je dodatno ojačati. Konačno, na makro razini izazov predstavlja slabljenje sustava socijalne države i njegove temeljne promjene s obzirom na to da je riječ o širem okviru unutar kojega socijalne usluge djeluju