Perception of Gender Discrimination in the Labour Market in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Isključivanje, ograničavanje ili iskorištavanje osoba samo na temelju njihova spola smatra se rodnom diskriminacijom. Prema rezultatima brojnih istraživanja rodna diskriminacija na radnom mjestu je jako učestala, ali slabo prepoznata. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je dobiti uvid u percepciju rodne diskriminacije na tržištu rada u Bosni i Hercegovini. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 308 visokoobrazovanih zaposlenih žena prosječne dobi 32,5 godine (sd=2,13) iz Bosne i Hercegovine. Istraživanje je provedeno u veljači 2017. godine. Putem on-line ankete prikupljeni su sociodemografski podaci o dobi, zaposlenosti, duljini radnog staža, bračnom statusu i obiteljskom stanju (broju djece). Pored navedenoga, primijenjen je i upitnik kojim se ispitivala percepija rodne diskriminacije na radnom mjestu, te upitnik o zaokupljenosti poslom. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju da visokoobrazovane zaposlene žene percipiraju rodnu diskriminaciju na radnome mjestu koja se najčešće manifestira nejednakim plaćama za isto radno mjesto (43% žena se izjašnjava da za isto radno mjesto prima nižu plaću od muškog kolege) i nemogućnosti napredovanja na radnom mjestu (75% žena smatra da nema jednake mogućnosti napredovanja kao muški kolege). Nadalje, izražavaju visoku zaokupljenost radom i važnost rada u svom životu. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak o važnosti osvještavanja rodne diskriminacije koja je prisutna i kod visokoobrazovanih žena te razvijanja programa kojima bi se omogućila ne samo integracija žena u tržište rada, nego i njihovo zadržavanje i razvijanje jednakih mogućnosti napredovanja i ostvarivanja rukovodećih pozicija.Excluding, limiting or exploiting persons solely on the basis of their sex is considered as a gender discrimination. According to the results of numerous surveys, gender discrimination in the workplace is very often, but is poorly recognized. The main goal of this research was to examine the perception of gender discrimination in the labour market in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study involved 308 highly educated empoleyed women with average age of 32,5 years (m.a. = 2,13) from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The survey was conducted in February 2017. Through the on-line survey, socio-demographic data about age, employment, length of work experience, marital status and family status (number of children) were collected. In addition, the questionnaire was also used to examine the perception of discrimination in the workplace, and the questionnaire on the importance of work in the life of an individual. The results of the survey indicate that highly educated women perceive gender discrimination in a workplace that is the most often manifested through unequal wages for the same job (43% women have lower wage for the same position than males) and inability to progress in the workplace (75% women perceive that they don’t have equal opportunities for progressing at work place). Furthermore, they express high occupancy and emphasize the importance of work in their lives. The results lead to the conclusion on the importance of raising awareness of gender discrimination that is also present in highly educated women and developing programs that would allow not only the integration of women into the labour market, but also their retention and development of equal opportunities for advancement and achievement of leadership positions