PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION AS AN EVOLUTIONAL SYNTHESIS OF A CONCEPTUAL, EMOTIONAL AND MATERIAL COMPOSITIONAL COMPONENT

Vjekovni život čovjeka u Podgorju, u podnožju Velebita, oduvijek je bio esencijalno vezan uz planinu, sa stalnim sezonskim selidbama i izlascima radi ispaše i vode. Za pučku se gradnju Podgoraca, i onu uz more i onu u višim predjelima, može reći da predstavlja "arhitekturu koju je proizvela svrha", čvrsto utemeljenu u potrebi, krajoliku, klimi, funkciji i lokalnom materijalu. S aspekta arhitektonske struke nedostatno je evidentirana i nije valorizirana, što radi marginalnosti teme, pomanjkanja interesa, veličine područja na kome se prostire i odselidbe stalnog stanovništva, a to i radi dijelom teškog i nepristupačnog terena. U novije doba cijelo područje potpada pod nekoliko razina zaštite prirode (od UNESCOve do nacionalne), gdje se za život autohtonog življa i njegova graditeljskog fonda teško nađe razumijevanja. Spoznaje i istraživanja intenziviraju se u posljednjih 20-ak godina, konstatirajući uglavnom napuštenost i propadanje najvećeg dijela zaselaka, ambijenata i pojedinačnih građevina. Kuće, gospodarski objekti, poljoprivredne površine, crkvice i drugo – u ruševnom su stanju, tek su rijetka naselja nastanjena. Rad daje uvid u rezultate terenskih istraživanja gradnje za stanovanje objavljenih u knjizi "Velebit arhitektonski, Pučka gradnja u dijelovima Sjevernog i Srednjeg Velebita", kao i razmišljanja o mogućnostima i pravcima prostornog razvoja te njihovoj utemeljenosti u važećim zakonima i prostorno-planskoj regulativi. Autorica propituje ulogu politike i stručne javnosti u održivom razvoju zaštićenih, a depopuliranih područja, opstanak i značaj autohtonog stanovništva u zaštiti prirode, te graditeljsku baštinu pučkog graditeljstva kao sastavnicu nacionalnog identiteta.Podgorje public construction is an indispensable component of the spatial and spiritual makeup of the Croatian national being Man’s age-old life in Podgorje, in the foothills of Velebit, has always been linked essentially to the mountain, with the constant seasonal migrations and visits for grazing and water. It could be said that the public construction the people of Podgorje, both that along the sea and in the higher regions, represents "architecture created by purpose", firmly based on the need, landscape, climate, function and with local material. From the aspect of the architectural profession it is insufficiently documented and valorised, which is due to the marginality of the theme, lack of interest, the size of the area over which it is spread and the movement of the permanent population, and this is also partly due to the harsh and inaccessible terrain. Recently the whole region has come under some level of nature protection (from UNESCO’s to national), where for the life of the indigenous population and its architectural fund understanding is difficult to find. The insights and investigations have intensified over the last 20 or so years, concluding mainly on the abandonment and deterioration of most of the hamlets, the settings and individual structures. The houses, farm buildings, agricultural areas, chapels and alike, in a derelict condition, are just scarcely inhabited settlements. The paper gives an insight into the results of the field investigations of the residential construction published in the book ‘Velebit arhitektonski, Pučka gradnja u dijelovima Sjevernog i Srednjeg Velebita’ (‘Velebit architectural, public construction in parts of Northern and Central Velebit’), as well as considerations about the possibilities and directions of spatial development, and their foundations in applicable laws and spatial-planning regulations. The author questions the role of politics and the professional community in the sustainable development of protected, yet depopulated regions, the survival and importance of indigenous populations in the protection of nature, and the architectural heritage of public architecture as a component of the national identity