Several-year investigation of plant-feeding capacity of soil in orchards of Međimurje

U novije vrijeme kontrola biljno-hranidbenog kapaciteta tla u voćnjacima obavlja se metodom folijarne dijagnoze, jer se smatra pouzdanijom od pedoloških analiza. U radu se iznose rezultati višegodišnjih istraživanja koncentracije N, P, K, Ca i Mg, sume i ravnoteže kationa. Istraživanja su provedena u Donjem Međimurju u voćnjacima Nedelišće, Čehovec i Cirkovljan. Voćnjaci su podignuti na seriji aluvijalnih tala. U voćnjaku Nedelišće istraživanja su provedena na sortama Starkrimson, Golden Delicious, Idared i Golden Spur. U voćnjaku Čehovec su istraživanja obavljena na sortama Wellspur Delicious, Golden Spur, Golden Delicious i Idared, a u voćnjaku Cirkovljan na sortama Golden Delicious, Idared, Melrose i James Grieve. Prema kriterijima što ih predlažu istraživači Bould (1966.), Fiedler (1970.), Gruppe (1960.), Lalatta (1986.), Kenworthy (1963.) i drugi jabuke su dobro opskrbljene biogenim elementima. Veće variranje utvrđeno je u koncentraciji N, K i Ca. Genetske, odnosno sortne specifičnosti odrazile su se na koncentraciju N, K, i Ca, dok je razina P i Mg uglavnom podjednaka u svih sorti. U voćnjaku Nedelišće signifikantno više N i K sadrži lišće Starkrimsona od sorti Golden Spur, Golden Delicious i Idared. Signifikantno manja koncentracija N utvrđena je u lišću sorte Idared od ostale tri sorte. Signifikantno više Ca sadrži lišće Golden Deliciousa i Golden Spura od Idareda i Starkrimsona. U voćnjaku Čehovec signifikantno više N sadrži lišće Golden Deliciousa od sorti Golden Spur, Wellspur Delicious i Idared. Signifikantno više Ca sadrži lišće Golden Deliciousa i Golden Spura od Wellspur Deliciousa i Idareda. Signifikantno manje K sadrži lišće Idareda od ostale tri sorte. U voćnjaku Cirkovljan signifikantno više N, a manje Ca sadrži lišće sorte James Grieve, od sorti Idared, Golden Delicious i Melrose. Najveća koncentracija K utvrđena je u lišću Golden Deliciousa, a najmanja u lišću sorte Idared. Razlika je statistički opravdana u odnosu na sorte Melorese i James Grieve. Ustanovljena je podudarnost rezultata s našim ranijim istraživanjima genetske specifičnosti mineralne ishrane sorti Golden Delicious, Idared i Starkrimson, koja su provedena u plantažama na pseudogleju (Dugo Selo, Donja Zelina, Katoličko Selište) u Posavini i Moslavini (Anić Jelka i Miljković I.; 1994.) i u plantaži Borinci na eutričnom smeđem tlu na karbonatnom lesu u Slavoniji (Miljković I. i Vrsaljko A.; 2009.).In recent years, control of the soli plant-feeding capacity in orchards has been performed by the method of foliar diagnosis, because it is considered more reliable than soil analysis. The paper presents the results of several years of research on concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, and the sum of cations and cation balance. Investigations were carried out in Donje Međimurje in orchards Nedelišće, Čehovec and Cirkovljan. Orchards were raised on a series of alluvial soils. In the orchard Nedelišće research was carried out on the varieties: Starkrimson, Golden Delicious, Idared and Golden Spur. In the orchard Čehovec research was carried out on varieties: Wellspur Delicious, Golden Spur, Golden Delicious and Idared, and in the orchard Cirkovljan on the varieties: Golden Delicious, Idared, Melrose and James Grieve. According to the criteria put forward by the researchers Bould (1966), Fiedler (1970), Grouppe (1960), Lalatta (1986), Kenworthy (1963) and others, apples are well supplied with biogenic elements. Larger variations were found between the concentrations of N, K and Ca. Genetic or varietal specifics are reflected in the concentration of N, K and Ca, while Mg and P levels are generally similar in all varieties. In the orchard Nedelišće there is significantly higher concentration of N and K in the leaves of Starkrimson than in varieties Golden Spur, Golden Delicious and Idared. A significantly lower concentration of N was found in the leaves of Idared than in other three varieties. Significantly higher concentration of Ca was found in the leaves of Golden Delicious and Golden Spur than in Idared and Starkrimson. In the orchard Čehovec significantly higher concentration of N were found in the leaves of Golden Delicious than in varieties Golden Spur, Wellspur Delicious and Idared. Significantly higher concentration of Ca was found in the leaves of Golden Delicious and Golden Spur than in Wellspur Delicious and Idared. The leaves of Idared contained significantly lower concentration of K than other three varieties. In the orchard Cirkovljan significantly higher concentration of N and lower concentration of Ca were found in the leaves of the variety James Grieve than in varieties Idared, Golden Delicious and Melrose. The highest concentration of K was found in the leaves of Golden Delicious, and the lowest in the leaves of Idared. The difference was statistically significant compared to the varieties Melorese and James Grieve. The compliance with the results from our previous studies of genetic specificity of mineral nutrition was established for varieties Golden Delicious, Idared and Starkrimson in plantations on pseudogley soil (Dugo Selo, Donja Zelina, Katoličko Selište) in Posavina and Moslavina (Anić Jelka and Miljković I.; 1994) and the plantation Borinci on eutric brown soil on calcareous loess in Slavonia (Miljković I. and Vrsaljko A.; 2009)