Znanja i stavovi potrošača o zdravoj prehrani u Hrvatskoj: presječno ispitivanje

Unlike fast and restaurant food, diet rich in fibre is known to contribute significantly to health. The aim of our study was to assess eating habits such as consumption of fibre-rich, fast, and restaurant food of the general population in Croatia. For this purpose we used a validated survey designed by the Polytechnic Institute Viseu in Portugal, which includes questions about demographics, good eating habits related to the consumption of the main sources of dietary fibre (fruit, vegetables, and whole grains), and unhealthy eating habits related to the consumption of fast food and restaurant meals. Between October 2014 and March 2015 we received answers from 2,536 respondents aged between 18-70 years, of whom 67.4 % were women and 32.6 % were men. Most respondents reported consuming one serving of vegetables and one piece of fruit a day, and whole grains every other day. Women and urban residents reported consuming larger amounts of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains than men (p<0.001). Men, in turn, reported eating out and eating fast food more often than women (p<0.001). Eating out highly correlated with eating fast food, which translates to lower consumption of dietary fibre (p<0.001). Higher education correlated positively with the consumption of fibre-rich food, but it also correlated positively with the consumption of fast and restaurant food (p<0.001). While eating fast food is not the predominant dietary practice in Croatia, over 50 % of respondents have reported eating fast food at least once a week. Our data also indicate that consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains falls below the national and international dietary recommendations.Poznato je da dijetalna vlakna kao bitna komponenta pravilne prehrane znatno pridonose zdravlju, za razliku od brze hrane i od konzumacije obroka izvan vlastitog doma. Cilj rada bio je procijeniti navike konzumacije ne samo glavnih izvora prehrambenih vlakana voća, povrća i cjelovitih žitarica nego i konzumacije brze hrane i obroka izvan vlastitog doma opće populacije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Korišten je validirani anketni upitnik portugalskog istraživačkog centra Polytechnic Institute Viseu. Upitnik je sadržavao pitanja o demografskim karakteristikama, o dobrim prehrambenim navikama vezanima uz konzumaciju glavnih izvora prehrambenih vlakana i o lošim prehrambenim navikama vezanima uz konzumaciju brze hrane i hrane izvan vlastitog doma. Istraživanje se provodilo od listopada 2014. do ožujka 2015. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 2536 ispitanika u dobi od 18 do 70 godina, od kojih su 67,4 % bile žene i 32,6 % muškarci. Rezultati su pokazali da ispitanici konzumiraju najčešće jedan obrok povrća i jedan komad voća dnevno, a cjelovite žitarice konzumiraju u prosjeku tek svaki drugi dan. Žene i stanovnici urbanog područja konzumiraju veću količinu voća, povrća i cjelovitih žitarica u odnosu na muškarce (p<0,001). Muškarci češće konzumiraju brzu hranu i obroke izvan vlastitog doma u usporedbi sa ženama (p<0,001). Izgledno je da će osobe koje se hrane izvan doma posegnuti za brzom hranom (p<0,001), što uzrokuje sniženu konzumaciju namirnica bogatih prehrambenim vlaknima. Postoji pozitivna povezanost više razine obrazovanja i dobrih prehrambenih navika, ali i konzumacije brze hrane i obroka izvan vlastitog doma (p