Bullying in Schulen in Osijek und Präventionsmaßnahmen

Dosadašnja istraživanja koja su se bavila problematikom vršnjačkog nasilja nisu jasno naglašavala razliku između nasilja i zlostavljanja. U ovom istraživanju mjereno je vršnjačko zlostavljanje, uzimajući u obzir i odnos moći nasilnika i žrtve kao i namjeru počinjenog nasilnog ponašanja. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati pojavnost vršnjačkog zlostavljanja i dosadašnje mjere prevencije koje su poduzete u svrhu njegova sprječavanja u osječkim školama. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 496 učenika od petog do osmog razreda iz četiriju osnovnih škola (40,3% dječaka). Dobni raspon kretao se od 10 do 15 godina (M=12,49; SD=1,81). Učenici su popunili Upitnik o vršnjačkom zlostavljanju (UVZ; Velki,2015). Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je u vršnjačko zlostavljanje bilo uključeno 37,1% žrtava, 15,9% nasilnika/žrtva, 3,2% nasilnika, dok 43,8% djece nije bilo uključeno u vršnjačko zlostavljanje. Najzastupljenije je verbalno zlostavljanje, dok najmanju razinu zastupljenosti ima seksualno zlostavljanje. 10% učenika izjavilo je da se u njihovim školama i razredima vršnjačko zlostavljanje događa češće nego kod drugih. Dobiveni su rezultati zabrinjavajući jer pokazuju porast nasilja u odnosu na prijašnja istraživanja. Od ispitanih učenika, njih skoro 70% sudjelovalo je u nekom programu prevencije zlostavljanja, a najčešće su to bili UNICEF program te interni školski programi, dok su učenici u programima najčešće sudjelovali kroz radionice i slušanje predavanja. Učenici uglavnom navode da je uvedeni program pomogao smanjenju vršnjačkog zlostavljanja u manjoj mjeri (38,9%). Iako se škole trude uvesti različite programe prevencije, očito je da je njihova efikasnost još uvijek prilično upitna.Previous studies that dealt with the issue of bullying did not clearly emphasize the difference between peer violence and bullying. In this study, bullying was measured by taking into account the imbalance of power between perpetrators and victims as well as the perpetrators’ intention of committing violent behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of bullying and current preventive measures taken to prevent it in Osijek schools. The study included 496 students from fifth to eighth grade from four primary schools (40.3% boys). The age range was from 10 to 15 years (M=12.49, SD=1.81). Students completed the Bullying questionnaire (UVZ; Velki, 2015). The results showed that the bullying behavior included 37.1% of the victims, 15.9% of bullies/victims, 3.2% of bullies, while 43.8% of children were not involved in bullying. The most common form was verbal bullying, while sexual abuse had the lowest level of representation. 10% of students reported that in their schools and classes bullying happened more often than in others. The given results are alarming because they show an increase of bullying in comparison to previous researches. Of the overall tested students, nearly 70% have participated in some program of prevention of bullying, mostly it was an UNICEF program, and internal school programs, while students in the programs most frequently participated in workshops and by attending lectures. Students stated that introduced program helped reduce bullying to a lesser extent (38.9%). Although schools are trying to implement different prevention programs, it is clear that their effectiveness is still rather questionable.Bisherige Studien, die sich mit dem Thema Bullying beschäftigt haben, betonten den Unterschied zwischen Gewalt und Misshandlung nicht deutlich. In dieser Studie wurde das Bullying gemessen, indem Machtverhältnisse zwischen dem Bully und dem Opfer sowie die Absicht des begangenen gewalttätigen Verhaltens berücksichtigt wurden. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Erforschung der Häufigkeit von Bullying und der bisherigen Präventionsmaßnahmen, die an den Schulen in Osijek zwecks Vorbeugung unternommen wurden. Die Studie umfasste 496 Schüler von der fünften bis zur achten Klasse aus vier Grundschulen (40,3% der Jungen). Das Alter lag zwischen 10 -15 Jahren (M = 12.49, SD = 1,81). Die Schüler füllten den Fragebogen über Bullying aus (Velki, 2015). Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass beim Bullying 37,1% der Opfer, 15,9% der Bullys/Opfer sowie 3,2% der Bullys involviert waren. 43,8% der Kinder waren nicht involviert. An häufigsten tritt die verbale Beleidigung auf, während am seltensten der sexuelle Missbrauch ist. 10% der Schüler sagten, dass in ihren Schulen und Klassen das Bullying häufiger als bei anderen vorkommt. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse sind besorgniserregend, weil sie auf eine Gewaltzunahme im Vergleich zu früheren Forschungen hinweisen. Von den befragten Schülern nahmen fast 70% an einem Programm zur Missbrauchs-Prävention teil, meistens waren es ein UNICEF-Programm und interne Schulprogramme, wobei die Schüler an den Programmen am häufigsten durch Workshops und Vorlesungen teilnahmen. Die Schüler geben in erster Linie an, dass das eingeführte Programm in geringerem Umfang (38,9%) zur Reduzierung von Bullying geführt hat. Obwohl die Schulen bemüht sind, verschiedene Präventionsprogramme einzuführen, ist es offensichtlich, dass ihre Wirksamkeit immer noch ziemlich fraglich ist