Threefold Effect of an Organic Molecule in Biomineralization

Glutamic acid either in the monomeric or the polymeric form, even at very low concentration has a strong effect on the crystallization of calcium oxalate. It was shown to retard precipitation, to enhance nucleation and serve as a mediator starting epitaxial growth on foreign seed crystals. The interaction between glutamic acid and calcium oxalate is due to dimensional compatibility and formation of electrostatic and hydrogen bonds between the functional groups of the organic acid and ions of the inorganic salt. The outcoming effect or combined effects depend upon the concentration ratio of the constituents and the physical conditions in the system