RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON NEW LINES OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA, HUNGARY AND SLOVENIA

Proizvođači pšenice u nas, a osobito u svijetu, traže nove sorte visokog genetskog potencijala za urod zrna visoke kvalitete. Ovi zahtjevi odredili su osnovne ciljeve oplemenjivanja pšenice u proteklih desetak godina. Osim visoke rodnosti i vrlo dobre kvalitete, u posljednje vrijeme se sve više postavlja kao cilj oplemenjivanja pšenice nazovimo to tako "stvaranje ekonomičnih genotipova", koji će uz daleko manja ulaganja u proizvodnju, davati veće urode zrna od standardnih sorti, recimo Žitarke i Sane. Mnogobrojna genetska istraživanja koja smo prethodno izvršili, dala su nam prije svega određena saznanja o vrlo složenim mehanizmima nasljeđivanja i genetskoj osnovi kvantitativnih svojstava na koja se uglavnom i vrši oplemenjivanje pšenice, i omogućila nam bolje spoznaje o genetskoj konstituctji roditelja, koje koristimo u hibridizaciji. Koristeći ove rezultate i dostupne nam izvore genetske varijabilnosti za pojedine komponente uroda i kvalitete, stvorene su nove linije ozime pšenice većeg genetskog potencijala za urod zrna i bolje kvalitete zrna i brašna. Rezultati ispitivanja novih linija ozime pšenice poduzeća za oplemenjivanje bilja i sjemenarstvo Agrigenetics, Osijek u Hrvatskoj, Mađarskoj i Sloveniji, u 1994. I 1995. godini nedvojbeno potvrđuju veću rodnost i bolju kvalitetu u odnosu na standardne sorte. U 1995/96. godini čitav niz novih linija ozime pšenice iz AG programa započeo je ispitivanja u većem broju zemalja Europe (Mađarska, Slovenija, Austrija, Njemačka, Poljska, ltalija i Češka). Sve ovo nam govori da nove sorte ozime pšenice stvorene u Hrvatskoj mogu uspješno konkurirati, i po urodu i po kvaliteti zrna i brašna, europskim sortama.Wheat producers in our country, and particularly in the world, are searching for new varieties of high genetic potential for the crops of high quality grain. These requirements have been the basic aim in wheat improvement in the last ten years. Apart from high yields and very good quality, creating economical genotypes has been an important aim in wheat improvement, the genotypes that will, with considerably smaller investments into production, yield more grains than the standard varieties, say Žitarka and Sana. The numerous genetic researches we have already carried out have given us certain knowledge of the very complicated mechanism of inheritance and genetic basis of quantitative properties mainly used in wheat improvement enabling better insight into the genetic constitution of the parents, which we apply in hybridisation. Applying these results as well as the available sources of genetic variabitity for specific components of yield and quality, new lines of winter wheat have been created of higher genetic potential in grain yield and better quality grain and flower. The results of research in 1994 and 1995 on new lines of winter wheat of the Agrigenetics Osijek, the company for plant breeding and seed production in Croatia, Hungary and Slovenia doubtlessly confirm higher yield and better quality in relation to standard varieties. In 1995/96 research began on many new lines of winter wheat from the AG programme in some countries of Europe (Hungary, Slovenia, Austria,Germany, Poland, ltaly and the Check Republic). This means that the new varieties of winter wheat created in Croatia can successfully compete in yield and quality of grain and flour with European varieties