VARIABILITY OF SOME WINTER WHEAT TRAITS FROM BREEDING PROCESS

Za dobivanje genotipova željenih svojstava u postupku je oplemenjivanja izuzetno značajno odabrati odgovarajuće roditelje za križanje. Da bi se mogao provesti odgovarajući odabir potrebno je imati biljni materijal velike varijabilnosti na svojstva koja se žele oplemeniti. Kao roditelji u postupku oplemenjivanja mogu poslužiti i genotipovi koji se već nalaze u oplemenjivačko-selekcijskom procesu, te je i njihova varijabilnost značajna. Stoga su tijekom 1997. godine provedena ispitivanja varijabilnosti broja klasića u klasu, broja zrna u klasu i mase klasa na 34 genotipa iz oplemenjivačkog programa Agrigeneticsa, s ciljem utvrđivanja varijabilnosti mjerenih svojstava i razlika između ispitivanih genotipova, te utvrđivanja razlika između ispitivanih genotipova i standardnih sorti Žitarke i Sane. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom blok sustavu u četiri ponavljanja na površini ekonomske Krnjak, zapadno od Donjeg Miholjca. Ispitivanje navedenih triju osobina klasa provedeno je u laboratoriju Poljoprivrednog fakulteta. Za svaki je genotip ispitano 200 klasova, 50 po svakom ponavljanju. Na osnovu rezultata mjerenja utvrđene su statistički visoko opravdane razlike između ispitivanih genotipova, te između ispitivanih genotipova i standardnih sorti Žitarke i Sane. Rezultati mjerenja pokazali su značajnu varijabilnost ispitivanih svojstava koja je, kao prvo, značajna za buduće oplemenjivačke programe i stvaranje genotipova s boljim svojstvima od dosadašnjih, a kao drugo, daje mogućnost usmjeravanja oplemenjivačkih programa u različitim pravcima. Na osnovu rezultata mjerenja za ispitivana su svojstva utvrđeni i koeficijenti korelacija. Jaka pozitivna korelacija postojala je između broja klasića u klasu i broja zrna po klasu (r = 0,62**), te broja klasića u klasu i mase zrna po klasu (r = 0,57**). Broj zrna u klasu bio je u veoma jakoj pozitivnoj korelaciji (r = 0,83**) s masom zrna po klasu.Choosing of proper parents for crossing is very important for creating of good genotypes in breeding process. For the good selection of parents it is essential to have plant material with high variability of different traits. Genotypes already involved in breeding process also could serve as parents for the next breeding process and their variability is also important. During 1997. research work for establishing of variability in spikelet number per ear, kernel number in ear and ear weight has been conducted on 34 genotypes from breeding process and standard varieties Žitarka and Sana. Aims of research were to establish variability of measured traits, to find out differences between examined genotypes and to find out differences between examined genotypes and standard varieties Žitarka and Sana. Field trial was established on block design in four replications. Measuring of examined ear traits was conducted at laboratory of Agricultural faculty. For each genotype was measured 200 ears, 50 in each repetition. Results of investigation showed statistically very important differences between examined genotypes, and between examined genotypes and standard varieties Žitarka and Sana. Results of investigation showed important variability of examined traits. This variability is important for future breeding programs and creating of genotypes with better traits. This variability also gives possibility to direct breeding programs in different directions. Correlation coefficients were determined for examined traits, too. Strong positive correlation was exist between number of spikelets in ear and number of kernels per ear (r=0,62**), number of spikelets per ear and weight of ear (r=0,57**). Very strong positive correlation existed between number of kernels per ear and weight of ear (r=0,83**)