Gender differences in Validity Scales of Personality Measuring Instruments in Psychiatric Patients

The main goal of the study was to determine gender differences in validity scales of personality measuring instruments, among the psychiatric patients. Additional goals are to find the differences among male and female psychiatric patients, in relation to their age group, education level and type of psychiatric diagnosis. A total of 331 male and 331 female participants (psychiatric patients) are examined, classified by the categories of diagnosis, as following: Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F20-F29), Mood (affective) disorders (F30-F39); Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders neurotic, (F40-F48) and Disorders of adult personality and behavior (F60-F69). Four control scales are applied: Lie Scale (MMPIL or L scale), Scale of bizarre and confusing thinking (MMPIF or F scale) K scale of Defensiveness (MMPIK), together with Bias-scale in Plutchik\u27s Emotion Profile Index (EPI). Three-factorial MANOVA was used in the analysis of the main effects, while non-parametric tests in the analysis of differences for each independent variable. Results reflect characteristic statistically significant gender differences in validity scales of personality measuring instruments, in most of the independent variables (the main effects are found for the level of education and age group). These results were interpreted within the theoretical framework of simulation and dissimulation