Učestalost, vrsta i etiologija dentalnih i mekotkivnih ozljeda kod djece u Hrvatskoj

The prevalence, type and etiology of dental and soft tissue injuries and relationship between the time of arrival and sustaining soft tissue injury were analyzed in this retrospective study conducted at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Dental Clinic in Zagreb, Croatia, during the 2010-2014 period using documentation on 447 patients (264 male and 183 female) aged 1-16 years with injuries of primary and permanent teeth. The highest prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) was found in the 7-12 age group and maxillary central incisors were most frequently affected (80.9%) in both primary and permanent dentitions. Enamel-dentin fracture without pulp exposure (31.9%) was the most common TDI of dental hard tissue in both dentitions, whereas subluxation (27.3%) was the most common periodontal tissue injury type. The most frequent location, cause and seasonal variation of trauma were at home, falling and spring. Soft tissue injuries were observed in 203 (45.4%) patients. Soft tissue injuries were less likely when fewer teeth were traumatized (p<0.001). Comparison of children with and without soft tissue injuries yielded a statistically significant difference in the time to arrival between primary and permanent teeth (p<0.01). Because soft tissue injuries include bleeding and clinical presentation appears more dramatic, the time elapsed between injury and initial treatment was shorter than in non-bleeding injuries, pointing to the need of education focused on parents and school teachers regarding the importance of immediate therapy for both bleeding and non-bleeding TDIs.Svrha ovoga istraživanja je bila istražiti učestalost, vrstu i etiologiju dentalnih ozljeda te ozljeda mekih tkiva. Također se ispitala korelacija vremena proteklog između ozljede i potražene pomoći kada su bile prisutne i ozljede mekih tkiva. Retrospektivno istraživanje je provedeno na Zavodu za dječju stomatologiju Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu u razdoblju od 2010. do 2014. godine koristeći dokumentaciju 447 pacijenata u dobi od 1-16 godina (264 dječaka i 183 djevojčice) s ozljedama mliječnih i trajnih zubi. Najveća učestalost traumatskih dentalnih ozljeda je pronađena u dobnoj skupini od 7 do 12 godina, a gornji središnji sjekutići (80,9%) su bili najčešće zahvaćeni zubi u obje denticije. Fraktura cakline i dentina bez izlaganja pulpe (31,9%) bila je najčešća vrsta ozljede kod tvrdog zubnog tkiva u obje denticije, dok je subluksacija (27,3%) bila najčešća vrsta ozljede parodontnog tkiva. Najčešća lokacija, uzrok i godišnje doba traume su bile kod kuće, pad i proljeće. Ozljede mekih tkiva su pronađene kod 203 (45,4%) pacijenata i bile su češće kod pacijenata koji su imali više traumom zahvaćenih zubi (p<0,001). Uspoređujući pacijente s ozljedama mekih tkiva i one bez njih statistički značajna razlika pronađena je u vremenu proteklom do potražene stručne pomoći između mliječnih i trajnih zuba (p