Foucault and the Theory of Sexuality

U članku se razmatraju Foucaultovi tekstovi o seksualnosti, nastali u vrijeme kada bujaju ideologije o seksualnom oslobođenju nadahnute W. Reichom i H. Marcuseom, preplavljene psihoanalitičkom teorijom. Svi oni neprestano govore o seksu da bi rekli kako se o seksu ne može pričati jer ga potiskuju buržoaski moral, obiteljski i bračni uzori. Ako nas je Freud od toga oslobodio, to je bilo mlitavo i konformistički. Seks se pretače u diskurs, pa treba propitati govor i oblike naloga tog diskursa. Foucaultova \u27Povijest seksualnosti\u27 je povijest tehnika sebstva, genealogija subjekta i modusa prema kojima se subjekt uspostavio u osvit zapadne kulture. Foucault je pokušao odgovoriti otkuda etička briga koja se, ovisno o trenutku, čini značajnijom ili manje značajnom od moralne pažnje koja se poklanja drugim područjima individualnog ili kolektivnog života? Ova njegova opsežna studija centrira se oko genealogije želje, od klasične antike do prvih stoljeća kršćanstva. Pored toga, u članku se komentiraju i religijski stavovi o seksualnosti, koji ne utječu samo na vjernike nego se koriste da primoraju i druge ljude na poštovanje ovih pravila življenja. Oni se uspostavljaju kao »prirodne« istine, formalno odvojene od vjerskih predodžbi koje su ih stvorile.This article examines Foucault’s texts on sexuality, written at a time when ideologies on sexual liberation inspired by W. Reich and H. Marcuse were flourishing, rife with psychoanalytical theory. They all constantly speak of sex in order to say that sex cannot be spoken about, as it is repressed by bourgeois morals and family and marital standards. If Freud freed us from this, he did so quite loosely and in a conformist fashion. Sex crosses over into discourse, and so it is necessary to examine the speech and forms of this discourse. Foucault’s \u27History of Sexuality\u27 is a history of techniques of selfhood, genealogies of subject, and modes according to which the subject was established in the dawn of Western culture. Foucault attempted to discern the source of ethical concern that, depending on the moment, seemed more or less significant from moral attention paid to other areas of individual or collective life. His thorough study centres around the genealogy of desire, from the classical ancient cultures to the first centuries of Christianity. In addition to this, the article also comments on religious opinions on sexuality, which do not only affect the religious, but are also used to force other people to respect those rules of living. They are established as “natural” truths, formally separated from the religious performances that created them