THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS IN CROATIA FROM 2000 TO 2014

U radu su analizirane značajke pridobivanja i preradbe nafte, kondenzata i prirodnoga plina u Republici Hrvatskoj od 2000. do kraja 2014. godine. Iznos bilančnih (eksploatacijskih) rezervi nafte i kondenzata kreće se od 9330,92 × 103 m3 (2005. godina) do 13 471,08 × 103 m3 u 2013. godini, dok količine njihova pridobivanja postupno opadaju od 1332,61 × 103 m3 na 639,96 × 103 m3. Odnos pridobivanja i rezervi postupno opada, što znači da blagi porast rezervi uopće ne utječe na količine crpljenja. Eksploatacijske rezerve prirodnoga plina tijekom promatranoga razdoblja uvelike osciliraju. Najveće su bile 2007. godine (40 919,70 × 106 m3), a najmanje 2014. godine (17 932,98 × 106 m3). Za razliku od tekućih ugljikovodika, odnos pridobivenih i eksploatacijskih količina raste i najveći je 2014. godine. Svekolike potrebe u Hrvatskoj za naftom (prikazano kao ukupna potrošnja sirove nafte) u 2013. bile su 3032,8 × 103 m3 te plina 2809,90 × 106 m3. Zanimljiv je podatak da potrošnja nafte brzo opada, što je povoljan trend sa stajališta emisije stakleničkih plinova. Dio se podmiruje iz vlastite eksploatacije, međutim ovisnost o uvozu nafte i prirodnoga plina i dalje je evidentna i kreće se od 75 % do 84 % (nafta), odnosno od 28 % do 46 % (prirodni plin) i to se jače ne mijenja. Količine prerađenih ugljikovodika postupno opadaju, poglavito motornoga benzina i loživoga ulja, dok dizelskoga goriva ostaju približno jednake. Iznimno su važna daljnja istraživanja te razvoj eksploatacije nafte i plina, poglavito ulaganjem u educiranje kadrova i nove tehnologije.This research analyzes the characteristics of the production and processing of oil, condensates and natural gas in the Republic of Croatia starting from 2000, until the end of 2014. Amounts of balance sheet (exploitable) reserves of oil and condensates ranges from 9330,92 × 103 m3 in 2005, to 13 471,08 × 103 m3 in 2013, while extracted amounts are gradually declining from 1332,61 × 103 m3 to 639,96 × 103 m3. The ratio of extracted amounts and reserves is gradually declining, meaning that a slight increase in reserves does not affect the extracted amounts. Exploitable reserves of natural gas during the observed period fluctuate greatly. Being peaked in 2007, at 40,919.70 × 106 m3, they reached a low in 2014, at 17,932.98 × 106 m3. Unlike liquid hydrocarbons, the ratio of extracted and exploitable amounts is growing and peaked in 2014. Overall energy demands for oil in Croatia (shown as total consumption of crude oil) amounted to 3032,8 × 103 m3 in 2013, while demands for natural gas amounted to 2809,90 × 106 m3. It is interesting to note that the consumption of oil is rapidly declining, which is a favorable trend from the standpoint of reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. While needs are partly covered by domestic exploitation, the dependence on imports of oil and natural gas is still evident and ranges from 75% to 84% for oil and 28% to 46% for natural gas, without major changes to the trend. The amounts of processed hydrocarbons are declining gradually, especially motor gasoline and fuel oil, while diesel fuel amounts remain mostly the same. Further research as well as development of the exploitation of oil and natural gas is of paramount importance, especially by investing in cadre education and new technologies