Illusions in Directing Development – Regarding Yugoslav development planning for the nineties

Jugoslavenskom društvu ne samo da nije neposredno dostupna primjena novih tehnologija; ono se mora vratiti na raniju fazu razvoja, na kojoj je bilo propušteno ono što je valjalo učiniti na bazi klasičnih tehnologija: okrupnjavanje i intenziviranje poljoprivrede, te organizacija industrije na osnovi ekonomike obujma. Politička kontrola nad proizvodnjom, koja stvara rigidan sistem, u osnovi sprečava inovaciju kao temeljni izvor promjene. To se zbiva ne samo na planu tehnologije i proizvoda, nego i u vezi s inovacijama i eksperimentiranjem s organizacijskim oblicima i poduzetničkim politikama. Promjene koje su nužne radi razvoja ne iziskuju samo uvođenje novih tehnologija, nego preobražaj čitavog odnosa prema proizvodnji, koja zaostaje i za tehnološki usporedivim granama na zapadu. Pritom treba napustiti uvjerenja da je sva budućnost u industriji (u korist usluga), da se razvoj može postići samo ulaganjem u visoko tehnološke industrije (umjesto efikasnijeg korištenja svih kapaciteta), da će prevladavati proizvodnja velikih količina jeftinih proizvoda, da samo krupna poduzeća garantiraju industrijalizam i racionalnost, te da svi poslovodni radnici moraju biti vezani uz firmu.The application of new technologies is not only directly inaccessible to Yugoslav society, but steps must be retraced to an even earlier stage of development in which a major »classical technology« point had been missed: massification and intensification of agriculture and industrial organization based on mass production economy. Political control over production, which creates a rigid system, basically prevents innovation as a major source of change. This occurs not only in this field of technology and products, but also in connection with innovation and experimenting in organizational forms and entrepreneurial policies. Changes necessary for development, aside from involving the introduction of new technologies, also require the complete transformation of the relations towards production, which is, in turn, losing step with technologically comparable fields in Western countries. For all that, one has to abandon the belief that the future lies exclusively in industrial development (in favour of the service trades), that development may be secured only by investing into high technology industries (instead of effective exploitation of all resources), that the production of large quantities of cheap products will prevail, that only big corporations can guarantee industrialism and rationality, and finally, that the complete managerial staff must be tied to its own firm