UTJECAJ NOVE PARADIGME RAZVOJA RURALNOG PROSTORA NA PROMJENE KORIŠTENOG TLA - STUDY CASE: POMURSKA REGIJA

The new rural development paradigm was developed as a response to the inefficiency of the old development model. The expansion of the EU to the Mediterranean countries (Greece 1981, Portugal and Spain 1986) has pointed out large regional disparities, especially in rural regions. Thus, common agricultural policy was developed between 1957 and 1962 when it finally came into force in the EU. The agricultural sector and the farmers were in the forefront as the carriers of the agricultural activity. The aim was to increase food production to the maximum and strengthen the competitiveness of the production. The old paradigm was in contradiction with the free trade principles, due to the use of refunds, which protected the EU producers against their competition. Under pressure of the developed countries, the EU decided to adopt a new development model. Leader programmes (started in 1991/1992) and Agenda 2000 (declared 1997) set the foundations for the new rural development paradigm, which became global in 2006. They followed the examples of good practice. Exogenous rural policy model was substituted for the endogenous one. The new development paradigm considers the rural area as an integral space. Development initiatives are generated in the local environment. The ideas are being networked which includes policies by different economic sectors on a multiinstitutional level. Awareness and recognition of rural values, ecological, cultural and social ones, is the main motivational factor in local communities when setting up development projects. The key requirements for success are: flexibility, competences, efficiency and synergy, which leads to a deviation from unilateral sectorial dependency to broad intersectoral cooperation and integral approach to the rural area. The main interest in our research was how these new approaches influenced the changes in Slovenian agriculture, which was studied by way of studying the changes in land usage in the Prekmurje region (NUTS 3). The chosen region is an atypical Slovenian region, the least economically developed, largely rural, with relatively low forestation level and poor traffic accessibility. The relief of the landscape and composition of the soil are suitable for agricultural activities. Simultaneously, we were identifying changes in the usage of space and evaluated the influence of the new development paradigm on development of agriculture and the rural area. The influence of the new rural development paradigm on changes in land use in the period 2000 – 2012 was evaluated by the analysis of spatial changes. We analysed the areas of receding field surfaces in connection with the areas of receding arable surfaces. We were interested in the influence of these changes on the newly built-up surfaces in the area of Pomurje, as a positive indicator of the new development paradigm, in newly-created overgrowing areas, as the factor of efficient land usage, which proves that the development initiatives in the environment are insufficient. By way of analysing changes in ageing of the population we confirmed the assumption that the changes in land use are co-dependent on introducing the new rural development paradigm.Nova razvojna paradigma razvoja ruralnog prostora razvila se kao odgovor na neučinkovitost starog razvojnog modela. Proširenje EU na mediteranske države upozorilo je na velike regionalne razlike. Tako se u EU oblikovala zajednička poljoprivredna politika. U prvom se planu nalazila poljoprivreda te poljoprivrednici kao nositelji poljoprivredne djelatnosti. Cilj je bio što veća proizvodnja hrane te poticanje konkurentnosti proizvodnje. Stara paradigma bila je oprečna načelu slobodne trgovine zbog korištenja nadoknada koje su štitile proizvođaće EU pred konkurencijom. Pod pritiskom se razvijenih država EU na institucionalnoj razini odlučila za novi razvojni model. S Agendom 2000 i Leader programima postavljeni su temelji nove razvojne paradigme ruralnog prostora, a koja je 2006 postala globalnom. Ti su temelji slijedili primjere dobre prakse. Eksogeni model poljoprivredne politike zamjenjen je endogenim. Ruralno se područje s novom razvojnom paradigmom tretira kao cijeloviti prostor. Razvojne inicijative nastaju u lokalnoj sredini. Dolazi do umrežavanja ideja koje uključuju politike različitih gospodarskih resora na multiinstitucionalnoj razini. Svijest, te prepoznavanje ruralnih vrijednosti, ekoloških, kulturnih kao i socijalnih, glavni je motivacijski faktor lokalnih zajednica pri pripremi razvojnih projekata. Ključni uvjeti za uspjeh su: fleksibilnost, kompetentnost, učinkovitost i sinergija. Ti se uvjeti odmiću od jednostrane sektorske ovisnosti, a vode ka širokoj međusektorskoj suradnji te integralnom pristupu ruralnom prostoru. U našem nas je istraživanju zanimalo, kako su ti novi pristupi utjecali na promjene u slovenskoj poljoprivredi. Težište je istraživanja bilo na promjenama u korištenju tla u Prekmurskoj regiji (NUTS 3). Istovremeno smo primjećivali promjene u korištenju prostora te vrednovali utjecaj nove paradigme na razvoj poljoprivrede i ruralnog prostora