CRITIQUES OF LIBERAL THEORY OF DEMOCRATIC PEACE

U radu se analizira poveznica između Kantova “vječnog mira” i paradigme demokratskog mira kojom se interpretiraju suvremeni međunarodni odnosi. Pri tome je naglasak stavljen na monadičku i dijadičku verziju liberalne teorije demokratskog mira objašnjene na temelju institucionalno-strukturalnog i kulturno- normativnog modela. Kritički se preispituje teorija demokratskog mira kroz uzročnu vezu između nezavisne varijable, demokratskog režima, i zavisne varijable, mira, te se analiziraju empirijska istraživanja slučajeva u kojima krize među demokratskim državama nisu rezultirale ratom, čime se dovodi u pitanje kauzalna logika same teorije. U kritičkom promišljanju teorije demokratskog mira poseban je naglasak stavljen na realističke interpretacije uzroka za koje se smatra da pridonose demokratskom miru, kao i na postojanje tzv. demokratskog rata. Niz je faktora kojima se objašnjava takvo vanjskopolitičko djelovanje demokracija i skrivanje iza teza teorije demokratskog mira, poput pozicije moći koju demokracije zauzimaju u međunarodnim odnosima, zbog čega se u obzir, uz liberalne zavisne varijable, moraju uzeti i one realističke, poput koncentracije moći, ekonomske međuzavisnosti i nacionalnih interesa.The paper analyzes the link between Kant’s “Perpetual peace” and the democratic peace paradigm with which contemporary International Relations are being interpreted. In doing so, the monadic and dyadic versions of liberal theory of democratic peace are explained through the institutional-structural and cultural-normative models. The theory of democratic peace is critically analyzed, with emphasis on the causal relationship between the independent variable, the democratic regime, and the dependent variable, peace. Empirical studies of cases in which the crises among democratic states have not resulted in war are also questioned, which brings into doubt the causal logic of the theory itself. In critical thought about the democratic peace theory, special emphasis is placed on the realistic interpretation of causes that are believed to contribute to democratic peace, as well as on the existence of the so-called “democratic war”. There exist a number of factors explaining this foreign policy behavior of democracies and their hiding behind the theses of the theory of democratic peace. An example is the position of power that democracy occupies in International Relations, with which, aside from liberal dependent variables, realistic variables must be taken into account as well, such as the concentration of power, economic interdependence and national interest