GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Geološko skladištenje ugljičnog dioksida ključni je segment sustava za kaptiranje i skladištenje ugljika (engl. CCS - Carbon Capture and Storage) od kojeg se očekuje znatan doprinos globalnom smanjenju ispuštanja ovog stakleničkog plina u atmosferu, u prvom redu iz visoko razvijenih zemalja i onih koje se sad industrijaliziraju. Ovaj način iskorištavanja podzemlja je sasvim nov i mnogi se aspekti tek istražuju, a u ovom se preglednom radu nalazi prikaz najvažnijih recentnih rezultata, s kratkim osvrtima na situaciju u Republici Hrvatskoj. Pored mogućnosti izgradnje podzemnih skladišta ugljičnog dioksida u dubokim slojevima ugljena i kavernama u naslagama soli, te iskorištavanja utiskivanja CO2 radi povećanja iscrpka nafte istovremeno i kao projekata za trajno uskladištenje zbog retencije dijela plina utisnutog u ležište, najveći se potencijal procjenjuje u iscrpljenim ležištima ugljikovodika sa znatno smanjenim tlakom, te u široko rasprostranjenim slojevima dubokih slanih vodonosnika koji se nalaze u gotovo svim sedimentnim bazenima.Carbon dioxide geological storage represents a key segment of the carbon capture and storage system (CCS) expected to significantly contribute to the reduction of its emissions, primarily in the developed countries and in those that are currently being industrialised. This approach to make use of the subsurface is entirely new meaning that several aspects are still in research phase. The paper gives a summary of the most important recent results with a short overview the possibilities in the Republic of Croatia. One option is to construct underground carbon dioxide storage facilities in deep coal seams or salt caverns. Another would be to use the CO2 in enhanced oil and gas recovery projects relying on the retention of the carbon dioxide in the deep reservoir because a portion of the injected gas is not going be produced together with hydrocarbons. Finally, the greatest potential estimated lies in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs with significantly reduced reservoir pressure, as well as in the large regional units - layers of deep saline aquifers that extend through almost all sedimentary basins