Koncept ljudske sigurnosti u političkim i akademskim krugovima

Human security is a concept that evolved from the shift that occurred in the political and security reality in the post-Cold War world. The new forms of conflicts emerged and changed the concept of security as well as the conventional notions of war. Human security is a very comprehensive concept consisting of two categories- ‘freedom from want’ and ‘freedom from fear’. The first one represents the broader definition and includes threats such as hunger, disease, repression, and protection from sudden disasters. It was upheld by the 1944 UNDP Human Development Report and has since been also supported by the Japanese government and Human Security Commission. The latter one emphasizes violent threats against an individual (such as drug trade, land mines, ethnic discord, state failure, small-arms trafficking). The ‘freedom from fear’ approach focuses on immediate necessity and is for those reasons supported by the Canadian government and the EU.Pojam ljudske sigurnosti se razvio iz političkog i sigurnosnog pomaka u razdoblju nakon Hladnog rata. Nastale su novi oblici konflikta koji su promijenili pojam sigurnosti kao i konvencionalne pojmove o ratu. Ljudska sigurnost je vrlo opsežan pojam koji se sastoji od dvije kategorije – „sloboda od oskudice“ i „sloboda od straha“. Prvi pojam predstavlja širu definiciju i uključuje prijetnje poput gladi, zaraze, represije, i zaštita od iznenadne nepogode. Pojam podržava UNDP-ovo Izvješće o razvoju iz 1944. godine, i podržava ga japanska Vlada i Komisija o ljudskoj sigurnosti. Drugi pojam stavlja naglasak na prijetnje prema pojedincu (npr. trgovina drogom, mine, etnički sukobi, nefunkcioniranje države, trgovina lakim oružjem). Pristup „sloboda od straha“ fokusira se na neposrednu nužnost i stoga ga podržavaju kanadska Vlada i EU