An Attempt at Typologizing Refugees and Expellees

Članak se temelji na izvještaju o empirijskom istraživanju kojeg je autor, uz pomoć svojih studentica, proveo tijekom siječnja, veljače i početka ožujka 1992. Intervjuirano je 80 unutarnjih i 20 vanjskih hrvatskih izbjeglica. (U uvodnom dijelu teksta autor je ukazao na neprimjerenost domaće terminologije po kojoj su sve unutarnje izbjeglice, odnosno raseljene osobe, označene kao prognanici.) Ovdje raspravljena pitanja iz intervjua su se odnosila na razloge napuštanja prebivališta te izbjeglička iskustva u novim sredinama. Autor je ustvrdio da se po stupnju životne ugroženosti i dramatičnosti predizbjegličkog iskustva, može razlikovati šest tipova izbjeglica: 1. "predbjeglice"; 2. pseudoizbjeglice; 3. nagnane izbjeglice; 4. izbjeglice pred ratnim razaranjima i okupacijom; 5. prognanici i 6. zarobljenici-izbjeglice. Izbjeglička iskustva podijeljena su općenito na pozitivna i negativna i ilustrirana su kao i izbjeglički tipovi izvornim iskazima ispitanika. Na kraju, povezujući različite dimenzije ispitivanja izbjegličke situacije, autor je razlikovao tri tipa ljudi u izbjeglištvu: 1) rezignirane, 2) realiste i 3) nezadovoljnike.The paper is based on a report from a field investigation conducted by the author, with the aid of his students, during January, February and the beginning of March 1992. Eighty internal and twenty external Croatian refugees were querried. (In the introductory part of the text the author notes the inadequacy of the Croatian terminology, which designates all internal refugees, and displaced persons respectively, as expellees (prognanici.) The survey questions presented in this paper concern the reasons for leaving the place of residence and the various refugee experiences in the new surroundings. The author claims that six types of refugees can be determined, based on the levels of endangerment and drama of their pre-refugee experience — these would be: 1) pre-refugees, 2) pseudo-refugees, 3) impelled persons, 4) refugees from war destruction and occupation, 5) expellees, and 4) ex-prisoners-refugees. Experiences during the refugee period are generally positive or negative, and they can be illustrated, just as the refugee types, on the basis of the informants\u27 statements. Finally, linking together the various dimensions in the examination of the refugee situation, the author distinguishes three types of people living in refuge: 1) resignated persons, 2) realists, and 3) discontents