Ultrasonographic semiology - correlation between anatomy and sonography of musculoskeletal tissue

Ultrazvučni (UZV) pregled kao jeftina, neinvazivna i neionizirajuća metoda oslikavanja postao je koristan u reumatologiji jer daje brzi uvid u mekotkivne i zglobne strukture mišićnokoštanog sustava. Posebna vrijednost UZV u reumatologiji je u ranom otkrivanju upalnih promjena mekog tkiva (sinovitis, tenosinovitis), kao i u ranoj detekciji erozija kosti uz mogućnost procjene aktivnosti upalnog procesa Power Dopplerom što zajedno omogućuje praćenje učinkovitosti medikamentozne terapije u upalnim reumatskim bolestima. Memoriranje i prepoznavanje specifične UZV slike pojedinih tkivnih struktura, patoloških procesa i artefakata pri UZV pregledu (ultrazvučna semiologija) esencijalno je u savladavanju UZV kao dijagnostičke metode. U članku je pregledno prikazan i slikovno popraćen karakterističan UZV nalaz tkivnih struktura mišićnokoštanog sutava te osnovnih patoloških promjena i artefakata pri UZV pregledu.Diagnostic ultrasound (US) as noninvasive, nonionisating and cost-effective imaging diagnostic technique has emerged as a useful imaging modality in rheumatology for the assessment of joint and soft tissue pathology. It can detect both early inflammatory soft tissue lesions (synovitis, tenosynovitis) and early erosive bone lesions in arthritis. Thus Power Doppler ultrasonography can differentiate active from inactive joint processes allowing monitoring of the new anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat inflammatory rheumatological diseases. In the process of learning the diagnostic technique memorizing and recognition of specific sonografic presentation of the different tissue structures, pathological processes, artifacts and pitfalls known as basic sonografic semiology is essential for appropriate interpretation of ultrasound image. In this paper ultrasound appearance of normal and basic pathological findings of different structures and tissues of musculoskeletal system is described and illustrated