Evaluacija zlouporabe stimulansa amfetaminskog tipa putem analize kose: rezultati dvanaestogodišnjeg rada

Hair analysis is a reliable tool for detecting long-term exposure to illegal drugs, including amphetamine-type stimulants, over periods from a few weeks to a few months, depending on the length of the hair used for analysis. Between 2000 and 2012, over 600 hair samples were analysed at the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia (IMROH) for the presence of amphetamine-type stimulants. IMROH has used the same procedure for testing hair samples for amphetamine-type stimulants for over twelve years. It was found to be reliable for confirming repeated abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA-Ecstasy), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) in hair. Hair samples were either taken at the Institute, delivered by mail or a third person brought them to the laboratory. In most cases, the hair samples were tested anonymously. A total of 23 % of the tested samples were positive for one or more amphetamine-type stimulant. MDMA was the most frequently detected substance, whereas the most frequent combination was amphetamine with MDMA. Our results could indicate a trend in amphetamine-type stimulant abuse among young people in the Republic of Croatia.Analiza kose pouzdan je način za detektiranje dugotrajnog konzumiranja ilegalnih droga, uključujući stimulanse amfetaminskog tipa u razdoblju od nekoliko tjedana do nekoliko mjeseci, ovisno o duljini kose koja se koristi za analizu. Od 2000. do 2012. u Institutu za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada analizirano je više od 600 uzoraka kose na prisutnost stimulansa amfetaminskog tipa. Vezani sustav plinski kromatograf/spektrometar masa koristio se za određivanje masenog udjela amfetamina, metamfetamina, 3,4-metilenedioksiamfetamina (MDA), 3,4-metilenedioksimetamfetamina (MDMA-Ekstazi) i 3,4-metilenedioksietilamfetamina (MDEA) u kosi. Uzorci kose uzimani su u Institutu, dostavljeni su poštom ili ih je treća osoba donijela u laboratorij. U većini slučajeva uzorkovanje i analiza kose obavljeni su anonimno. Dvadeset tri posto analiziranih uzoraka kose bilo je pozitivno na jedan ili više stimulansa amfetaminskog tipa. Najčešće je detektiran MDMA, a najčešća kombinacija stimulansa bila je amfetamin s MDMA. U Institutu se postupak za testiranje uzoraka kose na prisutnost stimulansa amfetaminskog tipa provodi više od 12 godina i smatra se pouzdanim načinom potvrde ponavljanog konzumiranja tih stimulansa. Naši rezultati mogu upućivati na trend zloporabe stimulansa amfetaminskog tipa među mlađom hrvatskom populacijom