Market Relations in Agriculture

Uvažavajući sve specifičnosti poljoprivredne proizvodnje, elementi agrarne politike moraju nositi određene specifičnosti, posebno cene sa svojim sastavnim elementima (regresima, premijama i dr.), kredit, investicije, rezerve, porez. U principu, cene inputa industrijskog porekla (mineralna đubriva, sredstva za zaštitu useva i stoke, mašina i dr.), zatim cene primarnih poljoprivrednih proizvoda kao i cene prerađenih poljoprivrednih proizvoda za finalnu potrošnju formiraju se slobodno, prema uslovima na domaćem tržištu, uzimajući u obzir i cene u zemljama kamo izvozimo, odnosno odakle uvozimo proizvode. To slobodno tržišno formiranje označava uspostavljanje ekonomskih odnosa na bazi ponude i tražnje, ekonomskih odnosa među proizvodima unutar poljoprivrede, između poljoprivrede i drugih delatnosti. U poljoprivredi su potrebni različiti oblici cena sa celim instrumentarij umom tržišnih mehanizama, a pre svega preko politike premija, regresa, podsticaja, kređitno-monetarne, investicione i poreske politike. Izgradnja tržišne agrarne politike, uz efikasnu zemljišnu politiku i politiku iskorišćavanja voda, stvorila bi uslove da se složene strukturne promene i diferenciranje gazdinstava usmeri u pravcu jačanja tržišne proizvodnje, specijalizacije, organizaciono-ekonomsko povezivanje sa industrijskom preradom i prometom. To bi ujedno dovodilo i do bržeg udruživanja i zadrugarstva u funkciji razvoja poljoprivredne proizvodnje, a ukupni društveno-ekonomski odnosi samo bi ubrzavali razvoj proizvodnje, produktivnosti i dohotka proizvođača.The elements of an agrarian policy must carry certain specific characteristics if it is to respect all the special features of agricultural production. This is especially true of prices with their basic elements (refunds, bonuses and so on), credits, investments, reserves and taxes. Land policy has its special place and importance in the market conception of an agrarian policy. In principle, the prices of industrial input (fertilizers, crop and cattle protection, machinery etc.), into primary agricultural products and of processed agricultural products are formed freely on the home market, taking into consideration the prices in the countries we export to or import from. This free market price formation establishes economic relations based on supply and demand, i. e. economic relations among agricultural products and between agriculture and other activities. Agriculture needs various different forms of prices with a whole Instrumentarium of market mechanisms, primarily through a policy of bonuses, refunds, stimulation, credit-monetary investment and tax policy. The development of a suitable agrarian policy, along with an efficient land policy and a water exploitation policy, would create conditons to channelize complex structural changes and farm differentiation towards the strengthening of market production, specialization and organizational and economic links with industrial processing and communications. It would also speed up association and the system of cooperatives to goster agricultural development, and the totality of such socio-economic relations would in turn speed up the development of production, productivity and producer income