Economic Factors of Rural Exodus in Yugoslavia

Autor analizira karakteristike procesa transfera radne snage iz poljoprivrede na području Jugoslavije, a posebnim osvrtom na Vojvodinu. Pri tom se ističu negativne posledice navedenog procesa, kao što su: rast staračkih i mešovitih domaćinstava, pritisak na zapošljavanje seoskog stanovništva u gradove itd. Pri objašnjenju uzroka navedenog procesa autor primat daje ekonomskim faktorima. Od njih analiziraju se sledeći: strategija privrednog razvoja, nepovoljan ekonomski položaj poljoprivrede, relativno niski dohoci u poljoprivredi, nestabilnost tržišta poljoprivrednih proizvoda, strukturne promene u razvoju poljoprivrede, tehničke promene u poljoprivredi, politika zapošljavanja i spor razvoj društveno-ekonomskih odnosa u poljoprivredi. Autor dolazi do zaključka da je neophodno, merama ekonomske politike zaustaviti tendenciju ubrzanog ruralnog egzodusa. Na taj način stvorili bi se uslovi da poljoprivreda apsorbuje znatan deo nezaposlene radne snage.The author analyzes the transfer of the labour force out of agriculture in Yugoslavia, with a special view of Vojvodina. He stresses the negative consequences of that process: the increase of old-people and part-time households, pressure for the employment of the rural population in towns etc. In his explanation of that process, the author gives priority to economic factors. He analyzes the following: the strategy of economic development, the unfavourable economic position of agriculture, relatively low incomes in agriculture, the instability of the market for agricultural products, structural changes in the development of agriculture, technical changes in agriculture, the employment policy and the slow development of socio-economic relations in agriculture. The author concludes that it is essential, through measures of the economic policy, to stop rapid rural exodus. This would make it possible for agriculture to absorb a large part of the unemployed labour force