A Contribution to Terminological Changes in Basic Agrarian

Položaj poljoprivrednika i ostalih građana u odnosu na poljoprivredno zemljište uređivan je poslije II svjetskog rata u šest navrata i to propisima o agrarnoj reformi, o poljoprivrednom zemljišnom fondu društvenog vlasništva, ustavnim amandmanima te još nekim propisima. U njima se navodi načelo »zemlja onima koji je obrađuju«. Autor prikazuje provođenje toga načela prateći terminološke i sadržajne promjene termina: zemljoradnik — seljak — poljoprivrednik; njegov posjed; domaćinstvo; porodica, zadruga, odnosno porodična zadruga; radni ljudi koji se bave poljoprivrednom djelatnosti; vlasnici zemlje koji nisu zemljoradnici po glavnome zanimanju; radnici, pečalbari i iseljenici; grupe radnika i namještenika raznih poduzeća i ustanova; ostali građani; maksimum zemljoradničkog posjeda i pravo vlasništva na obradivom poljoprivrednom zemljištu. Gledajući sadržajno, osnovni agrarni pojmovi utvrđeni su svega u dva navrata i to 1945—47 (agrarna reforma i osnivanje državnog sektora poljoprivrede) i 1953 (druga agrarna reforma i proširenje društvenog sektora poljoprivrede). Komisija regulativa uglavnom ponavlja stav iz godine 1953. U proteklih 30 godina bitno su se izmijenile opće društvenoekonomske okolnosti. Osnovni agrarni propisi nose u sebi stanovitu unutarnju suprotnost; s jedne strane vrednuju rad, a s druge ograničavaju privatno vlasništvo. Ova unutarnja suprotnost održava se do danas u čitavoj agrarnoj politici. Jedna tendencija zalaže se za povećanje proizvodnje, dohotka i produktivnosti, a druga za izmjenu odnosa i strukture vlasništva zemlje. Postojeće zakonodavstvo nije terminološki sadržajno dosljedno definiranju osnovnih agrarnih pojmova. Savezne propise o zemljišnom maksimumu Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska primjenjivala je uglavnom restriktivno. Zakon o udruženom radu nastoji ovaj vlasnički položaj prevladati, koncepcijom udruživanja zemljišta, rada i diobom tako stvorenog dohotka. Ovo udruživanje odvija se sporo i teško, a uglavnom nema istraživanja koja bi ukazala na uzroke tako sporoga udruživanja.After World War II the position of farmers and other citizens in Yugoslavia in relation to agricultural land was regulated six times: by the land reform, by regulations concerning socially owned agricultural land, by the Constitution and Constitutional Amendments, and by some other regulations. All of them cite the principle: »the land to those who work it«. The author shows how that principle was put into effect analysing terminological and contextual changes of the terms: landowner — peasant — farmer; his holding; household; family, extended family; working people engaged in farming; landowners whose main occupation is not farming; workers, migrant workers and emigrees; groups of workers and employees of various firms and institutions; other citizens; the land maximum and the right of ownership of cultivalbe agricultural land. The basic agrarian terms were contextually established only twice: in 1945—47 (land reform and the founding of the social sector in agriculture), and in 1953 (the second land reform and the extension of the social sector of agriculture). The Regulation Commission repeats the main lines of the stand taken in 1953. During the last 30 years, however, general socio-economic conditions have changed basically. There is a certain inner contradiction in the basic agrarian regulations: they value work, but also tend to limit private ownership. This inner contradiction has always been reflected in the whole agrarian policy. One tendency supports an increase in production, income and productivity, and the other a change of relations and the structure of land ownership. Existing legislation is not terminologically contextually consistent in defining basic agrarian concepts. The Socialist Republic of Croatia has in most cases applied federal regulations concerning the land maximum restrictively. The Associated Labour Act tries to overcome this position of ownership by the concept of associating land, work and means of work, and dividing the income thus made. This association is, however, taking place slowly and with difficulty, and there is very little research that indicates the reasons for such slow associations