Actuarilly Fair and Equal Pensions in the Republic of Croatia

Prosječna je mirovina aktuarski pravedna kada ukupni iznos primljenih mirovina tijekom života odgovara ukupnim mirovinskim doprinosima tijekom radnoga vijeka. Kada je mirovina aktuarski pravedna, može se reći da je zaslužena i stečena radom. Da bi pojedinačna mirovina bila aktuarski pravedna, potrebno je pri izračunu mirovine poštivati načelo aktuarske jednakosti, što znači da osiguranici koji su uplatili jednak ukupni iznos doprinosa i doživjeli prosječnu starost dobivaju jednak ukupni iznos mirovina, bez obzira na dob u kojoj su umirovljeni. Mirovinski sustav koji poštuje aktuarsku pravednost i jednakost potiče na duži ostanak u svijetu rada i u pravilu je financijski održiv. Mirovinski sustav u kojem je prijevremena mirovina veća od aktuarski jednake potiče prijevremena umirovljenja i stvara dodatne troškove. Dosad nije objavljen izračun aktuarski pravedne i jednake mirovine u Republici Hrvatskoj, a bez uvida u podatke Hrvatskoga zavoda za mirovinsko osiguranje koji nisu objavljeni nije ni moguće napraviti točan izračun. Stoga je načinjen približan kvaziaktuarski izračun koji je jednostavniji i razumljiviji širem krugu ljudi. Izračun pokazuje da je sadašnja prosječna mirovina u Republici Hrvatskoj blizu aktuarski pravedne, dok je aktuarska jednakost narušena. Zakonski prijedlog iz 2010. godine koji nije prihvaćen bio je poštivao načelo aktuarske jednakosti.The average pension is actuarilly fair when the total amount of pensions received in a lifetime corresponds to the total pension contributions made during one’s working life. When a pension is actuarilly fair one may say that it has been earned and acquired through work. In order for a pension to be actuarilly fair, calculation must be done in accordance with the principle of actuarial equality, meaning that insured persons who paid their contribution in an equal total amount and lived to an average elderly age receive an equal total amount in the form of a pension regardless of the age at which they retired. A retirement system which upholds actuarial justice and equality encourages one to stay longer in the labour market, and as a rule it is financially sustainable. A retirement system in which an early pension is larger than an actuarilly equal pension encourages early retirement and creates added expenses. Up until the present time, calculations of an actuarilly fair and equal pension have not been published in the Republic of Croatia. Without access to the data in the Croatian Retirement Insurance Institute, which has not been published, it is not possible to do an accurate calculation thereof. Therefore we have done an approximate quasi–actuary calculation which is simpler and more understandable to a broader circle of people. The result demonstrates that the current average pension in the Republic of Croatia comes close to an actuarilly fair one, while actuary equality has been undermined. The 2010 proposal for a bill which was not accepted upholds the principle of actuary fairness