The Forms of International Economic Crime as a Factor in the National Economy

Ukidanjem nadzora na unutarnjim granicama Europske Unije, što je vrlo važan čimbenik europskog povezivanja, problematika nezakonitih migracija i ostalih oblika međunarodnoga kriminaliteta koncentrirala se na vanjske granice Europske Unije. Stvaranjem zajedničkog tržišta i Carinske unije dolazi do slobodnoga kretanja kapitala i roba te mogućnosti vršenja transnacionalnoga kriminaliteta. Polazi se od međunarodnih propisa, tj. Konvencije Ujedinjenih naroda, pa do ustavnih normi koje definiraju organizirani kriminalitet. U radu se u nekoliko cjelina daje prikaz opterećenosti međunarodnih graničnih prijelaza Bregana i Macelj (ulaza i izlaza) zbog osobnih automobila i teretnih motornih vozila, zloupotrebe karneta TIR, te pregled pojavnih oblika međunarodnoga kriminaliteta. Republika Hrvatska specifična je zbog svojega geografskog položaja jer njome prolaze prometni koridori između istoka i zapada te sjevera i juga, ali i tzv. balkanska ruta koju krijumčari koriste za nezakonito snabdijevanje tržišta (droga, trgovina ljudima, nezakonite migracije) u gospodarskom kriminalitetu kao što su izbjegavanje poreza i carina, prijevara, krijumčarenje (visokotarifne robe duhana i cigareta) te pranje novca. Uloga i zadaća carinske službe nije samo fiskalnoga karaktera(radi prikupljanja javnih prihoda državi), već je carinska služba izravno uključena i sa sigurnosnog aspekta u borbu protiv krijumčarenja i nedopuštene preprodaje neocarinjene robeDue to the abolition of surveillance over the internal borders of the European Union, which is an important factor of European integration, the issues of illegal migrations and other forms of international criminality have been concentrated to the external borders of the European Union. The very creation of the common market and the Customs Union has enabled the free movement of capital as well as possibilities of committing offences in connection with transnational criminality. Several units of this scientific article give reviews of contradictions appearing at the international border check points of Bregana and Macelj (entry and exit) when dealing with cars and heavy goods vehicles, the abuse of TIR /ATTA carnet, and various trends and shapes of international criminality. The Republic of Croatia isspecific forits geographic position, because traffic overland corridors between east and west, as well as north and south passes over its territory – so called “Balkan route“ – are well used by smugglers for illegal transactions on goods markets or illegal traffickers of psychoactive drugs, traffickers in persons, illegal migrants and other persons involved in economic criminality, evasion of taxes and customs duties, deceptions and frauds, smuggling of high rated goods like tobacco and cigarettes, and money laundry. The role and task of the customs service is not exclusively based on the fiscal policy (public revenue acquisition for the state). The customs service is directly involved in the matter, even from the point of view of safety requirements, in the battle against smuggling and illegal resale of goods that have not been cleared through the customs