Old Aged Agricultural Holdings

U prvom dijelu rada, autor iznosi neke opće razloge starenja seoskog, osobito poljoprivrednog stanovništva u Jugoslaviji. Na primjer, u Slavoniji, istočnoj Srbiji i u nekim etničkim zajednicama u drugim regijama odavno vlada tzv. bijela kuga. U Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj, posebno u Istri, Dalmaciji i Lici duga je tradicija iseljavanja u druge zemlje, dok je na Kosovu i u planinskim dijelovima Makedonije, te Bosne i Hercegovine tradicionalno ukorijenjena sezonska »pečalba« (privremeno zapošljavanje daleko od kuće). Međutim, starenje poljoprivrednog stanovništva odlučnije su izazvale posljedice industrijalizacije zemlje. Ono je prvenstveno izazvano trajnijom i masovnom prostornom i socioprofesionalnom pokretljivošću mladih generacija iz sela, zatim obveznim osmogodišnjim školovanjem i masovnim obrazovanjem za druga zanimanja, što je ubrzalo prijelaz iz poljoprivrede u druge djelatnosti. U drugom dijelu, autor je temeljem posebnih demografskih kriterija starenja stanovništva izdvojio 103 općine sa 4.500 naselja u kojima je proces starenja seoskog pučanstva u punom zamahu. Tako je, primjerice, indeks starenja u mnogim od tih općina viši od 0,5 a u općini Minićevo njegova vrijednost iznosi čak 1,2236. U nekim od ovih naselja već svaka treća ili četvrta osoba ima više od 60 godina, što utječe na ekonomski i kulturni život tih sela. U trećem dijelu autor interpretira dio rezultata preglednog istraživanja (ankete) provedenog u 726 staračkih domaćinstava. Rezultati upućuju na poseban položaj staračkih poljoprivrednih domaćinstava u socijalnoj strukturi seoske sredine. Veoma su zanimljivi rezultati koji se odnose na razloge nastanka staračkih domaćinstava: 1) iz više od 57,0% anketiranih domaćinstava potomci su otišli ili žive odvojeno; 2) 17,9% ih nema potomstvo; 3) u 10,8% domaćinstava svi su potomci umrli ili poginuli u Drugome svjetskom ratu; 4) u 9,6% potomci su maloljetni ili na školovanju; 5) u 4,2% domaćinstava potomci su nesposobni za rad. Ovi su nalazi potvrdili autorovu pretpostavku o brojnim razlozima nastanka staračkih poljoprivrednih domaćinstava, ali da su za proces starenja seoskog a naročito poljoprivrednog stanovništva odlučujući faktori socio-profesionalna i prostorna pokretljivost ljudi.In the first part of his article, the author explicates some general reasons for the process of aging of rural, particularly of agricultural population in Yugoslavia. For example, in Slavonia, East Serbia and within some ethnical groups in other regions there are for a long time s. c. "bijela kuga« (»white pestilence«), In Slovenia and Croatia, particularly in Istria, Dalmatia and Lika there is a long tradition of emigration to foreign countries, while in Kosovo and Metohia and mountainous parts of Macedonia, and Bosnia and Hercegovina there is a deeprooted tradition of seasonal »pečalba« Ctemporary employment far away from home). However, for the process of aging of agricultural population the most decisive were the consequences brought about by the industrialization of the country. First of all this has caused the large and mass spatial and socio-professional mobility of younger generatian from the coutryside, then the compulsory S-year schooling and ma~s education for other occupations have stimulated the transfer from agriculture to other branches of economy. In the second part, the author - on the basis of special demographic criteria - has selected 103 communities with 4.500 settlements where demographic indicators show that the process of aging of rural population is in full swing. For instance, the index of aging in many of these communities surpasses 0.5, and in the commune Mlnićevo it is even 1.2236. In same of these settlements every third ar fourth person is in the age of 60, which reflects a lot on economic and cultural life of these villages. In the third part the author interprets same resu Its of the survey research carried out in 726 aged households. These results point to the specific position of aged agricultural household within the social structure of rural environment. The resu Its concerning the reasons of the emergence of aged households are very interesting: 1) in more than 57.0% of the interviewed households descendants have rnigrated ar live on their own, 2) in 17.9% there were no descendants, 3) in 10.8% all descendants had died or were killed during the last world war, 4) in 9.6% descendants were under the maturity age or in schools, 5) in 4.2% of the interviewed households descendants were not able to work. Consequently, this confirms the author\u27s thesis that the reason for a mass emergence of aged agricultural households are numerous, but the socio-professional and spatial mobility are the most decisive facto rs of the process of aging of rural, particularly agricultural population