Extended Families / Communal Households in the Wider Požega Area

Na temelju izvornih dokumenata arhiva u Požegi te opisa suvremenika (Piller-Mitterpacher – 18 st., K. Adžić – 19. st., I. Čakalić – 20. st.) te ankete iz 80- ih godina 20. st. autor sustavno opisuje zadruge te uzroke njihova raspadanja koncem 19. i na početku 20. st. Taj je proces počeo ukidanjem feudalnih odnosa 1848., a završio 1918., kada su gotovo sve zadruge nestale. Težište je stavljeno na promjene u robno-novčanim odnosima građanskog društva te na potajne diobe zadruga koje se nisu provodile u zemljišnim knjigama, što je izazivalo teškoće u plaćanju poreza, sudskom uredovanju, velikim troškovima i uopće u siromašenju sela. Na koncu pokazuje kako su se prema zadrugama i njihovim nekretninama negativno odnosile socijalističke vlasti nakon 1945., koje su njihovom likvidacijom nastojale stvoriti plodno tlo za osnivanje seljačkih radnih zadruga, koje su bile kopije sovjetskog kolhoznog sustava u kolektivizaciji poljoprivrede.Based on original documents from the Požega archives and statements given by contemporaries (Piller-Mitterpacher – 18th ct., K. Adžić – 19th ct., I. Čakalić – 20th ct.), as well as a survey from the 1980s, the author systematically describes communal households and the causes of their disintegration at the turn from the 19th to the 20th ct. This process started in 1848, with the abolishment of feudalism, and ended in 1918, when almost all communal households disappeared. The focus has been put on the changes to the bourgeois commodity- money relations and the secret divisions of communal households, which had not been recorded in the land registries, and had therefore caused difficulties regarding tax paying; the judicial system; excessive expenses; and, in general, the impoverishment of the village. Finally, the negative treatment of communal households and their realties by the socialist authorities after 1945 is described; by making them disappear, the authorities attempted to prepare fertile land for establishing collective farms – copies of the Soviet system in the framework of the collectivisation of agriculture