Mediaeval Montanea

Autor razmatra oblik dokumenta poznat u hrvatskim srednjovjekovnim vrelima pod nazivom "montanej" i ukaZUje na temeljne značajke te vrsti dokumenata kao privatne dokumentacije namijenjene administraciji crkuenih institucija ili vlasnika crkava, odnosno samostana. Iz takve naravi dokumentacije izviru iformalne značajke dvije vrsti montaneja: onih velikih crkvenih institucija (biskupije, kaptoli) kOji imaju oblik običnih popisa, i onih vlasnika crkava ili samostana, koji imaju oblik nepotpune isprave. Temeljem ovakvih razglabanja, autor kao montaneje prepoznaje rukopis Jura sancti Petri de Gumai (poznatiji kao Supetarski kartular), dokument o utemeljenju i posjedima crkve Sv. Mihovila (qe Arena ili de Sabulo) u Solinu te dva dokumenta koji se odnose na crkvicu Sv. Ivana na Braču.Analyses begun in response to the justified criticisms of Luje Margetić concerning the necessity for more detailed reclassifica- tion of the material sources for early mediaeval Croatian history have seemingly resulted in valuable information. It has been confirmed that mediaeval documents refer to a specific type of document in that period called montaneum (montanum), which in fact represented a list of the property ofgiven ecclesiastic foundations, institutions, or individual churches and/or monasteries. It has been shown that at least two sub-types of montanea existed: a) a simple list without any elements of a document, created for the administrative needs ofprimarily ecclesiastic institutions (dioceses, chapter houses, etc.); b) more complicated lists, primarily composed for the "landowner churches", whether individually or for those in the ownership of a feudal family organization, which had a rich narrative form of a chronicle type and individual elements of true documents, but never the "final formulae" (clausulae finales), necessary so that the document could receive public notification. With such formal characteristics, montanea in fact correspond to a type of document created pro fora interno, intended for administrative and governing purposes, or for preserving the clan tradition and the strengthening of the cohesive elements of these forms of social organization. For this reason their validity was limited in terms afproving someone\u27s rights of inheritance, and they could serve only secondarily as evidence in the courts of that period. on the basis of these results, the follOWing texts have been recognized as original montanea of the 10th and 11th centuries: the manuscript ofJura sancti Petri de Cumai, othenuise known as the Cartulary ofSupetar, and the list ofpossessions ofthe Church ofSt Michael in Solin (de Arena or de Sabulo). Both documents have clearly distinguished characteristics typical for the montanea of "owners "ofchurches or monasteries -a subjective form ofexpression, a rich narration with elements borrowed from the chronicle style, aform of listing estates with more or less extensive information about each piece of land that belonged to the church or monastery. Its very form meant that neither type ofdocument was suitable for forgery, as no legal case, as has already been mentioned, could be won on the basis ofsuch evidence. Another group ofdocuments discussed is related to the church ofStJohn de Fonte on the Island ofBrač, including two montanea -one probably from the 12th century, and the other from 1576. Considering the conditions bearing on the creation ofthe earlier of these two montanea ofthe cited church, it is noted that this is closely related to an undated will ofthe Split prior Peter, which the heirs of the founders of the mediaeval church considered a "privilegia" (10unding document"). Such achieved results "open" the above documents for the use ofhistorians in an entirely new manner