Contract and abalienation separately (can:1290-1298)

Autor je na temelju izvora i literature, pravno-egzegetskom metodom, držeći se propisa o razumijevanu crkvenih zakona, obradio naslov III. “Ugovori i napose otuđenje” iz Zakonika iz 1983. knjiga V. “Vremenita crkvena dobra”, kanone 1290-1298. Radi boljeg razumijevanja i snalaženja u zakonskoj normativi o ugovorima i posebno o otuđenju koje je posebna vrsta ugovora, autor je za svaki kanon dao posebni naslov. U kan. 1290. donesen je opći propis o ugovorima gdje se kaže da se o njima trebaju obdržavati građanski zakoni s istim učincima kao i kanonsko pravo, osim ako je u kanonskom pravu određeno što drugačije ili ako se ne protive božanskom pravu; u kan. 1291-1296. crkveni je zakonodavac donio posebnu crkvenu disciplinu o otuđenju crkvenih vremenitih dobara; kan. 1297. govori o davanju posebnog dopuštenja napismeno upraviteljima crkvenih pravnih osoba nakon što oni prije izvrše zakonski propisane predradnje kako bi uopće mogli crkvena dobra veće vrijednosti dati u zakup; posebni je propis kan. 1298. u kojemu se zabranjuje, bez napisanog dopuštenja mjerodavne vlasti, tj. bez napisanog dopuštenja mjerodavne vlasti: upraviteljima samima sebi kao i njihovim rođacima u krvnom i tazbinskom srodstvu do četvrtoga koljena (stupnja) uključivo nije dopušteno prodati ili davati u zakup crkvena vremenita dobra, osim ako se radi o stvarima vrlo male vrijednosti. Hrvatska biskupska konferencija kaže da dopuštenje davanja u zakup i prodaju nekretnina daje mjesni ordinarij. Tu se još ostalo na propisu iz CIC 1917. kan. 1540., dok je u važećem Zakoniku iz 1983. u kan. 1298. propisano da pisano dopuštenje daje za davanje u zakup i prodaju mjerodavna vlast, što u pojedinim slučajevima nije isto.In this work the author has treated Title III. Book V. of the Code from 1983. can. 1290-1298 “Contracts and A alienation Separately”; the work is founded on the sources and literature; in the treatment the author has applied legal-exegetic method, and he has also applied can. 17 of the Code from 1983. on understanding the church laws. Church legislator accepts the secular laws if they are in accordance with the divine law or unless something else is determined by the canon law; thus, at judicial proceedings and in contracts, argumentation by means of witnesses, under the lead of the judge (can.1547), is allowed. At the abalienation of temporal church goods or temporal goods of public church corporations, particularities from can. 1291- 1296 should be observed. Regular administrators of church corporations can, in the name of the corporation, alienate only those church goods for which permission of the competent church authority is not specified (working capital). When dealing with the basic property of a corporation, church laws require some legal formalities that differ from civil laws. In such cases, especially when legal formalities are required, written permission is needed by which the competent church authority permits the alienation of church goods, and it is condition for valid alienation, sale or lease. The aim of church laws is not to harm the property of the corporation. Because of the illegal procedure at alienation, sale or lease of temporal goods, the competent church authority is obliged to punish the offender by just punishment. If the contract on alienation, sale or lease of the church temporal goods was concluded by an incompetent person or if the subject of contract was forbidden or if the parties would not agree, or if there would be no reason for alienation, sale or lease, then such a contract would be invalid because some of the constitutive elements of the contract required by the canon law would be missing. In the cases when the validity of contract is accepted by the secular authorities but not by the church laws, the competent church authority should wisely decide, with help of experts, what to do without endangering the property of the church corporation. Anyway, church temporal goods have to be legally protected, and if the administrator of church temporal goods concluded illegal and invalid contract on alienation, sale or lease of church property, the church authority would be obliged to punish the offender by indefinite punishment