POJAVA GENETSKI MODIFICIRANIH USJEVA U KRMIVIMA U POLJSKOJ

The aim of this study was to detect, identify, and quantify genetically modified (GM) crops by DNA analyses in feed used for animal feeding in Poland. This approach was based on PCR and Real Time PCR techniques and was applied to official genetically modified feed control in the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy. Within six years studies (2004-2009) in 231 (66%) samples, out of 350 samples of compound feed and feed materials, genetically modified soybean, maize or rapeseed were found. The highest GMO content was found in soybean meal samples and compound feed which consisted of soybean meal. Among 135 analyzed soybean meal samples in 127 (94%) of them GM soya GTS 40-3-2 was present. As regards compound feed samples, GM soya was identified in 93 (83%) samples out of all 112 samples. The presence of GM maize was rare. Only in 11 (11%) samples, out of all 98 samples of maize, GM maize varieties were found (10 x MON810, 2 x Bt11, 2 x T25). Moreover analyses of 112 compound feed samples indicated that, 16 of them contained Mon810, 4 samples Bt11 and 3 samples T25 GM maize varieties. As regards rapeseed analysis in 5 checked rapeseed samples there were no GM varieties. Another study focused only on GM rapeseed, provided for us independently by official feed control, proved previous results. Out of 100 samples only in 2 of them LibertylinkTM rape was present in the amount below limit of quantification (LOQ) of our method. Achieved results of feed samples analyses indicate that the use of GM soya is common in animal feeding in Poland as main source of protein. The usage of GM maize is low, but mainly MON810 maize was found this variety is grown in Europe. As regards rapeseed there were very few GM rape seed positive samples.Cilj ovog rada bio je otkriti, identificirati i kvantificirati genetski modificirane (GM) usjeve DNK analizama u hrani za životinje u Poljskoj. Pristup se temeljio na tehnikama PCR i Real Time, što se primjenjuju u službenoj kontroli genetski modificirane hrane u Državnom veterinarskom istraživačkom institutu u Pulawyju. U šest godina istraživanja (2004-2009) na 211 (60%) uzoraka, od 350 uzoraka krmnih smjesa i krmnog materijala, pronađeni su genetski modificirana soja, kukuruz i uljna repica. Najviši sadržaj GMO-a nađen je u uzorcima sojinog brašna i krmnih smjesa koje su se sastojale od sojinog brašna. Među 135 analiziranih uzoraka sojinog brašna u 127 (94%) nalazio se GM soje GTS 40-3-2. Što se tiče uzoraka krmnih smjesa u 93 (83%) uzorka GM soje identificiran je u svih 112 uzoraka. Prisutnost GM kukuruza bila je rijetka. Samo u 11 (!!%) od svih 98 uzoraka kukuruza nađene su vrste GM (10 x MON810, 2 x Bt11, 2 x T25). Osim toga analize 112 uzoraka krmnih smjesa pokazale su da ih je 16 sadržavalo Mon810, 4 uzorka Bt11 i 3 uzorka T25 vrste kukuruza. Što se tiče analize uljne repice u 5 pregledanih uzoraka nije bilo GM vrsta. Druge analize usmjerene samo na GM uljne repice, što smo ih obavili neovisno o službenoj kontroli hrane potvrdile su gornje rezultate. U 100 uzoraka samo u 2 uzorka nađen je Libertylink TM repice u iznosu ispod granice kvantifikacije (LOQ) naše metode. Dobiveni rezultati analiza uzoraka krmiva pokazuju da je upotreba GM soje uobičajena u hranidbi životinja u Poljskoj kao glavni izvor bjelančevina. Upotreba GM kukuruza je sada na niskoj razini, a nađen je uglavnom kukuruz MON810 zbog uzgoja te vrste u Europi. Što se tiče uljne repice bilo je vrlo malo pozitivnih GM uzoraka