Characteristics of the Corporate Bank Governance System in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Korporativno upravljanje predstavlja skup odnosa između menadžmenta, malih i velikih dioničara te drugih interesnih grupa. Dobar sustav korporativnog upravljanja temeljni je preduvjet održivoga ekonomskog rasta, povećanja efikasnosti gospodarskog sustava te je jamac lakšem pristupu vanjskim izvorima kapitala. Koncentracija vlasništva je značajan interni mehanizam korporativnog upravljanja jer u velikoj mjeri određuje odnos vlasnika i menadžera. Postoje dvije situacije koncentracije vlasništva: vrlo disperzirano vlasništvo, odnosno niska koncentracija vlasništva i vrlo visoka koncentracija vlasništva. Ove razlike u koncentraciji vlasništva utječu i na sam sustav korporativnog upravljanja, pa se prema tome razlikuje zatvoreni sustav korporativnog upravljanja u situaciji visoke koncentracije vlasništva i otvoreni sustav korporativnog upravljanja u obrnutoj situaciji. Oblik sustava korporativnog upravljanja utječe i na samo oblikovanje i strukturu tijela upravljanja te način rada i provođenja poslovnih politika. Bankarski je sustav dominantan u financijskom sustavu u Bosni i Hercegovini. Analiza sustava korporativnog upravljanja pokazala je vezu između koncentracije vlasništva i samog oblika sustava korporativnog upravljanja. Bankarski sektor je u pretežitom stranom vlasništvu i karakterizira ga vrlo visoka koncentracija vlasništva. Zatvorenost sustava korporativnog upravljanja utjecala je i na biranje članova tijela upravljanja i njihov rad u provođenju poslovne politike.The term ‘corporate governance’ stands for a set of relations between management, large and small shareholders and other interest groups. A good corporate governance system is the basic postulate of sustainable economic growth, increase in economic system efficiency and a guarantee for easier access to sources of foreign capital. Ownership concentration is a significant internal mechanism of corporate governance because it greatly defines the relationship between owner and manager. There are two types of ownership concentration: highly dispersed ownership, that is, low ownership concentration, and very high ownership concentration. These concentration differences affect the corporate governance system itself, so there is a difference between a closed corporate governance system in the situation of high ownership concentration and an open corporate governance system where the situation is the reverse. The form of the system affects how the governing body is formed and structured, as well as how it operates and conducts its business policies. Within the financial system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the banking system is dominant. An analysis of the corporate governance system has shown a relationship between ownership concentration and the form of the corporate governance system itself. The banking sector is predominantly owned by foreign companies and is characterized by a high ownership concentration. The fact that the corporate governance system is closed affects the election of members to the governing body and their work in enforcing business policies