POSTAL SHIPMENTS PROTECTION FACTORS

Zaštita poštanskih pošiljaka je jedan od značajnijih čimbenika u konkurentnosti poštanskih, kurirskih i drugih poduzeća koja se bave dostavom pošiljaka. Često je to odlučujući faktor za brojne pošiljatelje i primatelje poštanskih pošiljaka diljem svijeta čije je zadovoljstvo presudno u uvjetima sve jače globalne tržišne konkurencije i u vremenu korištenja različitih supstituta u prijenosu pošiljaka, ali isto tako i za egzistenciju više od pet milijuna radnika zaposlenih u poštanskim službama nacionalnih poštanskih operatora. Moderno organizirana poštanska služba koja podrazumijeva javnost usluga (prijenos pošiljaka dostupan svima), redovitost (tkz. poštohod ima određeni smjer i vrijeme kretanja), pouzdanost, ali i zaštitu poštanskih pošiljaka zbog geografskih specifičnosti pedesetak naseljenih hrvatskih otoka je od iznimne nacionalne važnosti. Ključnu ulogu u tom složenom poštanskom procesu predstavlja pomorski prijevoz pošiljaka i u međunarodnom prometu, posebice kada se radi o velikim ili okrupnjenim pošiljkama, odnosno o pošiljkama koje nemaju svoju hitnost, ali zbog ekonomske isplativosti koriste pomorski prijevoz. Svjetska poštanska unija (UPU – Universal Postal Union), krovna poštanska organizacija za 191 poštansku upravu iz cijeloga svijeta i specijalizirana agencija Ujedinjenih naroda, osnovala je Grupu za poštansku sigurnost (PSG – Postal Security Group). Pomorski zakonik (Narodne novine, broj 181/04) kojim se regulira odgovornost prijevoznika za štete na stvarima i za kašnjenje (oštećenje, manjak, gubitak ili šteta) u prijenosu pošiljke svakako je u Hrvatskoj potpomogao da se poštanski operatori, ali i vlasnici pošiljaka, odlučuju sve više i za prijevoz pošiljaka pomorskim putem. Odgovornost pošiljatelja kao i obveze poštanskog operatora u Hrvatskoj su propisane Zakonom o pošti (Narodne novine, broj 88/09). Također, propisima Svjetske poštanske unije utvrđene su naknade štete u međunarodnom poštanskom prometu.The protection of postal shipments is one of the key factors in the competition among postal, courier and other similar companies that deal with postal shipments delivery. Frequently, this is the crucial factor not only for the numerous senders and addressees of postal shipments all around the world, their satisfaction being decisive especially in terms of the ever stronger competition on the global level as well as in these days when the usage of various replacements in the postal shipments delivery is used, but even for the survival of more than five million employees who work in the postal industry of the national postal operators. Due to the geographical characteristics of about fifty inhabited Croatian islands, a modern well organized postal service that implies public services (transfer of postal shipments available to anyone), regularity (scheduled shipments), reliability as well as protection of postal shipments have the highest national priority. The key role in such a complex postal procedure have postal shipments, even in international transfer, especially when large and bulky shipments or shipments that are not urgent to be delivered and due to their cost-effectiveness are suitable for the transport by sea. The Universal Postal Union (UPU), the umbrella postal organization for the 191 national postal administrations around the World and the specialized agency of the UN have established the Postal Security Group - PSG. The Croatian Maritime Code (Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia, No. 181/04) which regulates the carriers’ liability for the damage to the goods and the delay (damages, deficiencies, losses) in the transfer of shipments has been of great help to Croatian postal operators and senders who do decide to use more frequently postal shipments. Moreover, the senders’ liability and the postal operators’ obligations as well are regulated in Croatia by the Postal Law (Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia, No. 88/09). The Universal Postal Union regulations define the damage compensation in international postal traffic