YIELD AND CONCENTRATIONS OF Mn AND Zn IN GRAIN OF MAIZE PARENTAL INBREDS AND HYBRIDS

Veći sadržaj mikroelemenata u zrnu odnosno sjemenu, uz poboljšanu nutritivnu vrijednost, omogućio bi i bolju produktivnost biljaka na tlima s izraženim nedostatkom određenih mikroelemenata. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi učinak genotipa i agroekoloških činitelja na prinos zrna i koncentracije mangana (Mn) i cinka (Zn) u zrnu dva hibrida kukuruza i njihovim roditeljskim linijama, te ispitati utjecaj samooplodnih linija kao roditeljskih komponenti na sadržaj Mn i Zn u zrnu hibrida. Genotipovi kukuruza uzgajani su u poljskim pokusima tijekom dvije godine na tlu siromašnom manganom i cinkom (17,5 mg Mn kg-1 i 1,06 mg Zn kg-1 tla). Na istraživana svojstva značajno su utjecali genotip, godina, kao i njihova interakcija. Prosječan prinos zrna svih genotipova iznosio je 4,08 t ha-1, uz variranje po godinama od 1,13 t ha-1do 6,34 t ha-1 (2003.) i od1,13 t ha-1do 11,64 t ha-1 (2004.). U zrnu su utvrđene nešto niže koncentracije Mn i Zn, a varirale su, ovisno o genotipu, od 2,85 do 4,35 mg Mn kg-1 i od 13,6 do 25,6 mg Zn kg-1. Očinske linije Lancaster podrijetla imale su najvišu koncentraciju ispitivanih mikroelemenata u zrnu, a majčinske linije iz BSSS skupine signifikantno nižu. Koncentracija Mn kod oba je hibrida bila viša od srednjih vrijednosti roditelja, dok je obrnuti učinak utvrđen za koncentraciju Zn u zrnu, naročito kod OSSK 552. Podrijetlo samooplodnih linija ima bitnu ulogu u nasljeđivanju sadržaja elemenata kod hibrida, ali je njihov učinak pod značajnim utjecajem okolinskih činitelja.Enhanced micronutrient content in grains or seeds could improve both, nutritive value and agricultural productivity of crops on the soils deficient in a particular micronutrient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype and environmental components on the grain yield and concentrations of Mn and Zn in the grain of two maize hybrids and their parental lines as well as to examine the impact of parental inbreds on the grain of Mn and Zn concentration in the hybrids. Maize genotypes were grown in a field trials during two growing seasons on the soil poor in available Mn and Zn (17.5 mg Mn kg-1 and 1.06 mg Zn kg-1 soil). Highly significant effects of both, year and genotype for all traits were ascertained. The average grain yield for all genotypes was 4.08 t ha-1, with varying over years from 1.13 t ha-1 to 6.34 t ha-1 (2003) and from 1.13 t ha-1 to 11.64 t ha-1 (2004). Concentrations of Mn and Zn in the grain were slightly lower and ranged depending on genotype from 2.85 – 4.35 mg Mn kg-1 and 13.6 – 25.6 mg Zn kg-1. Male parents of Lancaster origin had the highest concentrations of investigated microelements in the grain, while in the female lines belonging to BSSS group it was significantly lower. Grain Mn concentration was higher than parental means in both hybrids, whilst the opposite effect was ascertained for Zn concentration, especially in OSSK 552. The origin of inbred lines, as parental component of hybrids, plays an important role in inheritance of nutrient contents, but that genetic impact is greatly affected by environmental factors