INSECURITY OF THE SECURITY SYSTEM – THE EXAMPLE OF THE PENSION SCHEME IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

U ovom radu prikazuje se društveno jasno iskazana želja i potreba za socijalnom sigurnošću, koja se promovira raznovrsnim mjerama i politikama, poznatim pod zajedničkim nazivom: elementi socijalne države. Kako su istovremeno na djelu mnogobrojni raznorodni socijalno-ekonomski, politički te vrijednosni čimbenici, s protokom vremena sve se više i sve jasnije smanjuju mogućnosti realizacije socijalne sigurnosti kao kriterija društvene uspješnosti. Prikazuje se također i činjenica da Republika Hrvatska u takvoj konstelaciji društvenih odnosa nije usamljena, već da je to svjetski fenomen. Dakako, Republika Hrvatska ima svoje specifičnosti, od ratnog stanja i razdoblja tranzicije do stvaranja novih društvenih elita, pa su u razmatranju i one dobile svoje mjesto. Sve to iznosi se analizom mirovinskog osiguranja u Republici Hrvatskoj, koje je, kao i mnogi drugi sektori, primjerice zdravstvo, obrazovanje, stanogradnja i dr., prošlo ili još uvijek prolazi kroz proces strukturnih reformi. U tom se smislu hrvatsko mirovinsko osiguranje uzima kao pokazatelj seta rizičnosti u koje se upuštamo upravo s ciljem smanjenja, pa i dokidanja rizika; osobito u kontekstu očekivanih pozitivnih efekata s kojima se krenulo u reforme prijašnjeg mirovinskog sustava, a koji je procijenjen kao nepovoljan i neadekvatan za novonastale društvene okolnosti. Kroz postojeća “tri mirovinska stupa” nastoje se prepoznati neuralgične točke sustava. U zaključku autor vrednuje možemo li se i u kojoj mjeri osloniti na dosadašnje, poznate institucionalne sustave osiguranja kako bi se dosegao prihvatljiv, potreban i adekvatan osjećaj osobne sigurnosti te što sve ima potencijal u kreaciji takvog osjećaja. Time se nudi uvid u ono čime u dosadašnjim sustavima sigurnosti korisnici tih socijalnih usluga nisu zadovoljni.This paper gives an overview of the socially clearly expressed desire and need for social security, promoted by means of various measures and policies known under the common designation: elements of the social state. Since many different socio-economic, political and value factors are simultaneously at work, with the passing of time possibilities for realization of social security as a criterion of social successfulness are increasingly, and ever more clearly, reduced. Moreover, the author points out the fact that such a constellation of social relations is not to be found in the Republic of Croatia alone, but is a worldwide phenomenon. Of course, Croatia has its specific traits – from the state of war, via the period of transition, to the creation of new social elites – which are incorporated in the overview. All above-mentioned aspects are expounded through an analysis of the pension scheme in the Republic of Croatia, which, like many other sectors, such as health, education, housebuilding etc., went through, or is still going through, the process of structural reforms. In that sense, the Croatian pension scheme is used as an indicator of the set of risks which we expose ourselves to precisely in order to reduce, and even eliminate risks; particularly in the context of positive effects expected at the moment when reforms of the former pension system were launched, since the latter was assessed as unfavourable and inadequate to the new social circumstances. This work attempts to identify the neuralgic points of the system through the existing “three pension pillars”. The purpose of the analysis is to estimate whether and to what extent we can rely on well-known institutional security systems applied thus far, in order to attain an acceptable, necessary and adequate feeling of personal security, as well as to determine all other elements which can potentially contribute to creating such a feeling. Accordingly, insight is offered into the reasons for dissatisfaction of those who benefit from the above-mentioned social services through the existing security systems