The Nature and Organization of Work at Medieval Universities of the 12th and 13th Centuries

Članak donosi prikaz nastanka, razvoja, uloge i organizacije rada na srednjovjekovnim sveučilištima 12. i 13. stoljeća, kao i kratak prikaz događanja koja su se usporedno odvijala i koja su obilježila to razdoblje u povijesti zapadne kulture. Nastanak prosjačkih redova, Četvrti lateranski koncil i novo razdoblje u pastoralnom životu Crkve, prodor grčke (otkriće Aristotela), arapske i židovske filozofske literature, pobjeda papinstva u borbi između svećenstva i Carstva, materijalni prosperitet, ponovno uzdizanje gradova, veća pokretljivost stanovništva, okolnosti su pod kojima i obrazovanje mijenja obilježja, pronalazi novi oblik i postepeno primjeren izraz u sustavu fakulteta i sveučilišta, u čijem središtu se nalazi studij teologije.This article depicts the founding, development, role and organization of work at medieval universities of the 12th and 13th centuries and also presents a brief description of parallely evolving events which marked this period in the history of Western culture. The rise of the mendicant orders; the Fourth Lateran Council and the new period in the pastoral life of the Church; the penetration of Greek culture and philosophy (Aristotle) and also Hebrew and Arabic philosophical literature; the Pope\u27s victory in the battle between the clergy and the Empire; material prosperity and the revival of cities as well as greater population mobility: all these contributed to circumstances in which education also underwent changes and thus developed a new model which found expression in the system of faculties and universities, at the centre of which was the study of theology