Construction and Validation of Entrepreneurial Predisposition Questionnaire

Na temelju postojećih upitnika i nalaza iz literature, konstruiran je novi Upitnik poduzetničkih sklonosti (UPS), prvi takve vrste na hrvatskom jeziku. Skale na kojima upitnik teoretski počiva, kao i većina njegovih tvrdnji, preuzete su iz Testa općih poduzetničkih sklonosti (General Enterprising Tendency Test, Caird, 1988) i Kohova upitnika (Koh, 1996). To su skale – "potreba za postignućem", "potreba za neovisnošću", "tolerancija na neizvjesnost", "inovativnost", "spremnost na preuzimanje rizika", "lokus kontrole" i "samopouzdanje". Preliminarna je verzija upitnika s 91 tvrdnjom primijenjena na uzorku studenata, a na osnovu analize čestica odabrano je 69 tvrdnji za daljnju upotrebu. Upitnik je potom primijenjen na parovima poduzetnika i nepoduzetnika, ekvivalentima po kriterijima spola, dobi i stručne spreme. Postupkom t-testa utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između skupina ispitanika na prosječnom rezultatu UPS-a, čime je ovaj upitnik dobio potvrdu konstruktne valjanosti. Značajna je i point-biserijalna korelacija između varijabli poduzetničko iskustvo (dihotomija: poduzetnik-nepoduzetnik) i prosječan uradak na UPS-u. Cronbachov alpha ukazuje na visoku unutarnju pouzdanost. Na rezultatima je provedena i faktorska analiza, metoda glavnih komponenti, s Oblimin rotacijom. Odabrana su 3 faktora, interpretirana kao - "Prihvaćanje rizika i nekonvencionalnost", "Usmjerenost na postignuće" i "Povjerenje u svoje mogućnosti". Usporedbom je faktorskih rezultata utvrđeno da poduzetnici postižu značajno više rezultate na sva tri faktora.Based on existing questionnaires, and formal empirical results, a new Entrepreneurial Predisposition Questionnaire was constructed, the first of its kind in the Croatian language. The scales which were used along with approximately half of its items were the same as the ones used in the well-known General Enterprising Tendency Test (Caird, 88a) and Koh’s questionnaire (Koh, 1996.). These were - need for achievement, need for autonomy, ambiguity tolerance, innovativeness, risk taking, locus of control, and self-confidence. The preliminary version with 91 items was tested on students and based on item analysis results, 69 items were kept for further usage. The questionnaire was then used on pairs of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, corresponding in gender, age and education level. Independent samples of t-test differences between groups on average questionnaire results proved to be statistically significant, thus making an important contribution to the questionnaire’s construct validity. Point-biserial correlation between variables’ entrepreneurial experience (entrepreneur or non-entrepreneur) and average questionnaire result was also significant. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient shows high internal reliability. Factor analysis - principal component method with Oblimin rotation was also performed. 3 factors were chosen, interpreted as – “Risk acceptance and unconventionality”, “Achievement tendency” and “Self-confidence”. The group of entrepreneurs has significantly higher scores on each factor’s results