ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALS OF SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS IN THE CITY OF ZAGREB

Vrijednosti geotermalnog gradijenta i toplinskog toka za područje sjeverne Hrvatske više su od europskog prosjeka što je osnovni preduvjet i pokazatelj potencijala plitkih geotermalnih resursa, a koji zasad u RH nisu odgovarajuće iskorišteni niti valorizirani, dok u EU ova tehnologija ima gotovo eksponencijalni godišnji porast u instaliranim kapacitetima. Činjenica je da Hrvatska koristi dva do tri puta više energije po jedinici bruto nacionalnog proizvoda nego većina zemalja članica EU, što dovodi do prekomjernog uvoza energetskih mineralnih sirovina, veće proizvodne cijene, problema kompetitivnosti proizvoda i usluga na europskom i svjetskom tržištu, kao i negativnog utjecaja na okoliš. Za razvoj i implementaciju tehnologije geotermalnih toplinskih pumpi u Republici Hrvatskoj trenutačno postoji nužna tehničko-tehnološka i distributivna infrastruktura, ali ne i popratna zakonska regulativa, ekološki propisi i sigurnosni zahtjevi koji se odnose na izgradnju bušotinskih izmjenjivača topline, što je najvažniji ograničavajući faktor. U ovom radu, na primjeru novoizgrađene poslovne zgrade, programskim paketom RETScreen prikazat će se tehnoekonomska analiza isplativosti ugradnje geotermalna toplinske pumpe u odnosu na konvencionalni sustav grijanja i hlađenja.The values of geothermal gradient and heat flow in the northern Croatia are above the European average which is the principal precondition and the indicator of the potentials of shallow geothermal resources. Still, at the time being they are not adequately used nor valorised in the Republic of Croatia, while in the EU this technology has almost exponential annual increase in the installed capacities. The fact is that Croatia uses two to three times more energy per unit of gross national product than the most of the EU member states, which results in the redundant import of mineral raw materials, higher costs, problems of product competitiveness and services in the European and global market, as well as its negative impact on the environment. Croatia has the technical/technological and distributed infrastructure necessary for the development and implementation of geothermal heat pump technology, but there are not adequate legal regulations, ecological regulations and security requirements which refer to the construction of borehole heat exchangers. The latter is considered to be the most important limiting factor. By means of the RETScreen program this paper presents a technoeconomic analysis of the cost effectiveness of the geothermal heat pump installation when compared to the conventional heating and cooling system on the example of a newly built business building