Material and Socio-Psychological Factors of the (Re) Construction of Local Communities after War Conflicts (Areas of Special Governmental Care

Ratni sukobi u Hrvatskoj su rezultirali devastacijom prostora lokalnih zajednica i teškim stradanjima ljudi koji su živjeli u tom socioprostornom ambijentu. Razorenost infrastrukturnih objekata, kuća, stanova, škola, crkava, minirano zemljište, pokradeni i uništeni alati i strojevi, odvedene i nestale životinje učinile su te, uglavnom slabije razvijene ruralne prostore, gotovo nemogućima za obitavanje i egzistiranje ljudi. U ovom radu analiziramo kako nakon rata živi narod na prostorima posebne državne skrbi i koji su sve raspoloživi izvori prihoda stanovnika lokalnih zajednica. Egzistencija većine stanovništva na bivšim ratnim prostorima je svedena na puko preživljavanje. U odnosu na Hrvatsku u cjelini prihodi od rada su manje zastupljeni u ukupnim prihodima u većini općina/gradova na prostorima posebne državne skrbi. Najteža je situacija u ruralnim općinama, čiji je gospodarski potencijal vrlo mali, a time i mogućnosti ratnih migranata da vlastitim radom osiguraju egzistenciju sebi i svojoj obitelji. Značajan egzistencijalni izvor je svakako mirovina, koja čini oko petine ukupnih sredstava egzistencije povratnika i useljenika, što je slično hrvatskom prosjeku. Na bivšim ratnim prostorima je utoliko i nešto više onih osoba koje su bez prihoda, što njihovu egzistenciju čini potpuno ovisnom o drugima, kako o ostalim članovima obitelji, humanitarnim organizacijama, državnim institucijama i drugim akterima hrvatskog društva/države.War conflicts in Croatia resulted in the devastation of local communities and grave suffering of people who lived in this socio-spatial environment. Demolition of the infrastructure, houses, flats, schools, churches, mined land, stolen and destroyed tools and machines, animals taken away and missing made these, mostly less developed rural areas, almost impossible for residence and existence of people. This paper analyses the way of life of the people in the areas of special government care after the war, as well as the sources of income that the population of these local communities has at its disposal. The existence of the majority of population in former war areas has been reduced to mere survival. In relation to Croatia as a whole, the income from work is less represented in total revenues in most municipalities/towns in the areas of special government care. The most serious situation is to be found in rural municipalities whose economic potential is very low and thereby the possibilities of war migrants to ensure their existence and the existence of their families through work. An important source of existence is pension that accounts for a fifth of the total means of existence of returnees and immigrants what is similar to the Croatian average. In former war areas the number of persons without income is slightly higher, thus making them completely dependent on others, either on other family members, humanitarian organisations, government institutions or other participants in the Croatian society/state