METHODS OF REDUCING HARMFUL POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS

U ovom radu prikazane su metode koje se koriste na brodovima radi smanjenja emisije štetnih tvari kao što su: dušični oksidi, sumporni oksidi, čvrste čestice, ugljični monoksid, ugljični dioksid i štetne organske komponente. Metode koje se koriste mogu se podijeliti u dvije osnovne skupine i to: primarne i sekundarne. U primarne metode spadaju tehnička rješenja kojima se spriječava nastanak štetnih tvari u samome motoru, dok se sekundarnim metodama neutraliziraju već nastale štetne tvari. U primarne metode spadaju: preinake na sustavu izgaranja i sustavu dovoda zraka, izravno ubrizgavanje vode, recirkulacija ispušnih plinova, emulziranje vode i goriva. U sekundarne metode spadaju: selektivna katalitička redukcija, upotreba goriva s malim postotkom sumpora, sustav smanjenja emisije pomoću plazme.This paper outlines methods used for reducing emission of air pollutants such as: nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds from ships. These methods can be separated into two major groups: primary and secondary. Primary methods consist of different tehnical solutions that prevent producing of air pollutants in the engine, while secondary methods neutralize the air pollutants that have already emerged. Primary methods are: modifications of the combustion system and air system, direct water injection, exhaust gas recirculation, fuel and water emulsion. Secondary methods are: selective catalytic reduction, low sulfur fuels, plasm system of reducing air pollutant emission