Sun-like stars unlike the sun: clues for chemical anomalies of cool stars

We present a summary of the splinter session “Sun-like stars unlike the Sun” that was held on June 9, 2016, as part of the Cool Stars 19 conference (Uppsala, Sweden), in which the main limitations (in the theory and observations) in the derivation of very precise stellar parameters and chemical abundances of Sun-like stars were discussed. The most important and most debated processes that can produce chemical peculiarities in solar-type stars were outlined and discussed. Finally, in an open discussion between all the participants, we tried to identify new pathways and prospects toward future solutions of the currently open questions.V.A. and E.D.M. acknowledge the support from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds and from FEDER through COMPETE2020 by the following grants: UID/FIS/04434/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672, PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016880 and PTDC/FIS-AST/ 1526/2014 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016886. V.A. also acknowledges the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contracts of reference IF/00650/2015/CP1273/CT0001. E.D.M. further acknowledges the support of the FCT (Portugal) in the form of the grant SFRH/BPD/76606/2011. N.R.H. acknowledges that the results reported herein benefited from collaborations and/or information exchange within NASA’s Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network sponsored by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. In addition, N.R.H. also benefited from support of the Vanderbilt Office of the Provost through the Vanderbilt Initiative in Data-intensive Astrophysics (VIDA) fellowship. J.I.G.H. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the 2013 Ramón y Cajal program MINECO RYC-2013-14875, and the Spanish ministry project MINECO AYA2014-56359-P. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (Grant DNRF106). P.G.B. acknowledges the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France) program IDEE (n◦ ANR-12-BS05-0008) “Interaction Des Etoiles et des Exoplanetes” and funding from the CNES grants at CEA