Fine-mapping of genes determining extrafusal fiber properties in murine soleus muscle

Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and proportion of different fiber types are important determinants of muscle function and overall metabolism. Genetic variation plays a substantial role in phenotypic variation of these traits; however, the underlying genes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting differences in soleus muscle fiber traits between the LG/J and SM/J mouse strains. Fiber number, CSA, and proportion of oxidative type I fibers were assessed in the soleus of 334 genotyped female and male mice of the F34 generation of advanced intercross lines (AIL) derived from the LG/J and SM/J strains. To increase the QTL detection power, these data were combined with 94 soleus samples from the F2 intercross of the same strains. Transcriptome of the soleus muscle of LG/J and SM/J females was analyzed by microarray. Genome-wide association analysis mapped four QTL (genome-wide P < 0.05) affecting the properties of muscle fibers to chromosome 2, 3, 4, and 11. A 1.5-LOD QTL support interval ranged between 2.36 and 4.67 Mb. On the basis of the genomic sequence information and functional and transcriptome data, we identified candidate genes for each of these QTL. The combination of analyses in F2 and F34 AIL populations with transcriptome and genomic sequence data in the parental strains is an effective strategy for refining QTL and nomination of the candidate genes.This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01AR056280 (A. Lionikas) and R01DA-024845 (A. A. Palmer