The effect of glucose on phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles and ions in Chlorella vulgaris

Nanočestice srebra (AgNP) koriste se u različitim granama industrije, ali zbog svoje toksičnosti i reaktivnosti predstavljaju opasnost za okoliš. S ciljem razumijevanja učinka glukoze na fitotoksičnost AgNP stabiliziranih polivinilpirolidonom (AgNP-PVP) i ionskog srebra (AgNO3) na algu Chlorella vulgaris, uzgajala sam alge na hranjivoj BBM podlozi s (Glc +) i bez dodatka glukoze (Glc -) i izlagala koncentracijama 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 mg/L AgNP-PVP i AgNO3. Apsorpcijski spektar za AgNP-PVP pokazao je karakterističan pik za čestice srebra u oba tipa podloge, dok je apsorpcijski spektar za AgNO3 pokazao nastanak novih čestica srebra u oba tipa podloge nakon 1 sata. Sve ispitivane koncentracije AgNP-PVP i AgNO3 uzrokovale su smanjenje broja stanica i povećanje postotka neživih stanica u odnosu na kontrolu. Tretman s AgNP-PVP i AgNO3 uzrokovao je povećanje stupnja lipidne peroksidacije, te povećanje aktivnosti katalaze, superoksid dismutaze i peroksidaza u odnosu na kontrolu. Nakon oba tretmana uočene su značajne promjene u ultrastrukturi stanica algi u odnosu na kontrolu. Za sve izmjerene parametre, alge uzgojene na Glc + podlozi pokazale su znatno veću otpornost na oba tretmana i bolje preživljenje, iako je tretman s AgNO3 većinom bio toksičniji za alge.Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are used in various industries, but they pose a risk to the environment, due to their toxicity and reactivity. To understand the effect of glucose on the phytotoxicity of AgNP stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (AgNP-PVP) and ionic silver (AgNO3) on Chlorella vulgaris, algae were grown on BBM nutrient medium with and without glucose and exposed to AgNP-PVP and AgNO3 at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1, 5, 2.0 mg/L. The absorption spectra for AgNP-PVP had a characteristic peak for silver particles in both medium types, while the absorption spectra for AgNO3 showed that new silver particles were synthesised in both medium types after one hour. All tested concentrations of AgNP-PVP and AgNO3 led to a decrease in cell number and an increase in the percentage of dead cells relative to the control. Treatment with AgNP-PVP and AgNO3 caused an increase in lipid peroxidation, and in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase relative to control. After both treatments, significant changes in the ultrastructure of cells were observed compared to the control. For all measured parameters, algae grown on a glucose-supplemented medium showed greater resistance and better survival to both treatments, while treatment with AgNO3 being more toxic to algae